Medical image analysis is evolving into a new dimension: where it will combine the power of AI and machine learning with real-time, real-space displays, namely Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) -known collectively as Extended Reality (XR). These devices, typically available as head-mounted displays, are enabling the move towards the complete transformation of how medical data is viewed, processed and analysed in clinical practice. There have been recent attempts on how XR gadgets can help in surgical planning and training of medics. However, the radiological front from a detection, diagnostics and prognosis remains unexplored.In this paper we propose a standard framework or architecture called Medical Imaging in Extended Reality (MIXR) for building medical image analysis applications in XR. MIXR consists of several components used in literature; however, tied together for reconstructing volume data in 3D space. Our focus here is on the reconstruction mechanism for CT and MRI data in XR; nevertheless, the framework we propose has applications beyond these modalities.

Adoption of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) -known collectively as Extended Reality (XR) devices has been rapidly increasing over recent years. However, the focus of XR research has shown a lack of diversity in solutions to the problems within medicine, with it being predominantly focused in augmenting surgical procedures. Whilst important, XR applied to aiding medical diagnosis and surgical planning is relatively unexplored. In this paper we present a fully functional mammographic image analysis system, Breast3D, that can reconstruct MRI and CT scan data in XR. With breast cancer Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) risk laxicon, early detection and clinical workflow such as Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meetings for cancer in mind, our new mammography visualization system reconstructs CT and MRI volumes in a real 3D space. Breast3D is built upon the past literature, and inspired from research for diagnosis and surgical planning. In addition to visualising the models in MR using the Microsoft HoloLens, Breast3D is versatile and portable to different XR head-mounted displays such as HTC Vive. Breast3D demonstrates the early potential for XR within diagnostics of 3D mammographic modalities, an application that has been proposed but until now has not been implemented.