Across several disciplines in the health and social sciences, psychological flexibility is gaining in influence and explanatory power as a conceptual frame to better understand diverse cultural and clinical contexts of health and healing. Although music as a potential primer of psychological flexibility is seldom considered in extant research, key contributions have framed aspects of music's potential efficacy to promote health and healing within the construct of psychological flexibility. Building from this research and from studies in psychology and anthropology concerned with flexibility, and based on field research I conducted in the Pamir Mountain region of Tajik Badakhshan, I explore how the preeminent genre of Pamiri devotional music, known as maddoh, facilitates or primes psychological flexibility for participants. In this case study, priming a state of psychological flexibility is accomplished by engaging specific cultural exemplars found in the natural and built environments, the local belief system, poetry, prayer, and music, creating a multilayered network of flexibility.[Psychological Flexibility, Medical Ethnomusicology, Tajikistan, Music, Religion] This article emerges from a broader research program in medical ethnomusicology, an innovative field of integrative research and applied practice concerned with music, medicine, health, healing, and culture. Building from a holistic conceptual framework that comprises the biological, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual factors of health, healing, illness, and disease, medical ethnomusicology aims to advance knowledge with respect to the efficacy of music, sound, and related practices in healing and to apply that knowledge for the benefit of people. As a field at the nexus of the holistic, integrative, complementary, and alternative medicine discourse, medical ethnomusicology shares many of the concerns of psychological anthropology. Medical ethnomusicology draws on a diverse array of fields across the health, physical and social sciences, music research, music performance, and the expressive arts and is oriented to integrating insights from research with indigenous and traditional cultural practices and with the efforts of practitioners in the areas of wellness and healing (see Koen
