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a. age, race, socioeconomic status, and educational level. b. self-advocacy, stroke knowledge, and ability to pay. c. medical diagnostic complexity, treatment setting, hospital location, and length of stay. d. length of stay, ability to pay, and availability of rehabilitative specialists. 3. Reasons for lower participation by older African Americans in audiology and speechlanguage pathology services include mistrust, lack of adequate funding, and a. fatalism. b. belief in faith healing. c. poor motivation for rehabilitation. d. lack of knowledge of potential benefits. e. reliance on communitybased, nonprofessional services. 4. Community-based outreach is a strategy based on the assumption that a. older African Americans are disinterested in their own health care. b. older African Americans are reluctant to leave their communities. c. it is impossible to fully understand an individual without knowing his or her community. d. it is impossible to effectively deliver audiology and speechlanguage pathology services to older African Americans, except within their communities. 5. Benefits-including increased access for older African Americans to audiology and speechlanguage pathology services; development of culturally appropriate interventions; increased knowledge of disease prevention, remediation, and research; and opportunities to expand the scientific bases of the discipline-will accrue from a. community-based audiology and speech-language pathology outreach. b. home health audiology and speech-language pathology outreach.

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anonymous, but respondents were asked to identify their title and department affiliation. Following redesign, the survey was re-administered. Chi-squared test was used to compare responses before and after the intervention; p values of <0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: Our "initial state" included absence of a guiding principle to the organization of supplies in the trauma cabinets, small printed labels identifying placement of supplies, and misplaced look-alike supplies. Using the A3 tool, the design team selected an organizational paradigm based on patient anatomy (head-to-toe), as well as improved visual signage to support appropriate restocking. A 10-ft. long wall sticker of a human silhouette was installed above the cabinets, and supplies were reorganized below it per the anatomical site where the equipment is used. To avoid lookalike supplies being stocked interchangeably, we replaced labels in the cabinets with laminated photographs, highlighting differences in packaging on the photos with permanent marker. Staff completed 62 "Before" surveys, and 55 "After" implementation. Four survey questions specifically focused on satisfaction with the organization of supplies. Overall, responses to three of the four questions "Before" and "After" redesign showed statistically significant improvement in satisfaction post-intervention (p-values 0.0004, 0.0109, and 0.0028 respectively); responses to the fourth question showed a trend toward improved satisfaction (p ¼ 0.28). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates increased staff satisfaction following a LEANbased reorganization of our Trauma Room supplies. A defined organizing paradigm may enhance clinicians' ability to find needed supplies during urgent situations. One universally applicable design is the use of patient anatomy (head-to-toe) to dictate the stocking. Picture labels may also be helpful, especially in distinguishing between look-alike items.