No abstract

<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Breast cancer mortality rates are higher for African American women (AAW) than for any other ethnic group in the United States. Recent reports suggest that outcome disparities between AAW and European American women (EAW) are present in the ER+HER2- subtype. To improve our understanding, pathological characteristics, mortality and molecular profiles from women treated within an equal-access health care system were evaluated. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>All AAW (n=90) and EAW (n=308) with ER+HER2- tumors were identified. Gene expression profiles were generated from primary breast tumors from 57 AAW and 181 EAW. Pathological characteristics, survival and gene expression analysis were evaluated using chi-square analysis, log-rank tests and ANOVA. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumors from AAW were significantly more likely to be PR-, Ki67+ and of higher grade. Tumor stage, size and lymph node status did not differ significantly, nor did mortality rates (P=.879). At the molecular level, genes PSPHL and CRYBB2P1 were expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues as well as normal stroma and blood from AAW. Polymorphisms controlling expression of each gene were identified with minor allele frequencies differing significantly between populations but not between cases and controls within each population. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Survival disparities were not detected in patients with ER+HER2- tumors treated within an equal-access health care system and molecular differences in tumors were not causal. Thus, outcome disparities in AAW with ER+HER2- tumors are largely attributable to socioeconomic factors affecting access to screening and treatment, rather than reflecting underlying biological differences. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(3):407-416; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.407 </p>

Out of the thousands of metabolites in a given specimen, most metabolomics experiments measure only hundreds, with poor overlap across experimental platforms. Here, we describe Metabolite Imputation via Rank-Transformation and Harmonization (MIRTH), a method to impute unmeasured metabolite abundances by jointly modeling metabolite covariation across datasets which have heterogeneous coverage of metabolite features. MIRTH successfully recovers masked metabolite abundances both within single datasets and across multiple, independently-profiled datasets. MIRTH demonstrates that latent information about otherwise unmeasured metabolites is embedded within existing metabolomics data, and can be used to generate novel hypotheses and simplify existing metabolomic workflows.

No abstract

With the higher concentration the effect of polymerization is Yery great in cutting down the vapor pressure, and the distillates are always weaker.There is, therefore, a certain concentration of total formaldehyde at which the amount of simple molecules in equilibrium with the complex ones stays nearly constant with the slowly rising temperature, and since the \yapor pressure is dependent almost entirely upon the simple molecules and not the polymer the vapor pressure will be constant and the material will distill 01-er of a constant composition. With concentrations above l5Y0 the formaldchydc is there chiefly as a polymerized form and therefore its vapor pressure is much lower than it would be if it were there as simple molecules. The result is as shown; the distillate is weaker than the original, although the total amount of formaldehyde present is larg:c* a s shown by the high percentage in the residue. Conclusions.1. Distillation curves for solutions of various conccntrations of formaldehyde in water have been determined.