International audienceLimiting commuting trips in major cities is important from the environmental, social and economic standpoints. In order to design policies that aim to change commuting practices it is, however, necessary to have acquired a good understanding of the trips in question and their determinants. However, these trips have been subjected to very little study in the cities of developing countries. This paper is concernedwith the Rio de JaneiroMetropolitan Area (RJMA), and sets out to test the influence of “classical” socioeconomic and spatial variables on the distance and duration of the commuting trips of the region's inhabitants, especially those with the lowest incomes. The main original feature of this research is that it includes jobs in the informal sector. The results show that, all other things being equal, commuting distances and times are shorter for the informal sector, and people walk more from their homes to their place of work because jobs in the informal sector are more dispersed than jobs in the formal sectors. The notable exception is personal and household services for which employees (who are mainly women) live a long way from the city center where wealthy families (and their jobs) are concentrated

Using Montreal as a case study, the authors investigate whether overlapping labor markets explain economic links between the suburbs and the central city. Despite interconnection between labor markets, they find only weak evidence of commuting ties between particular suburbs and the city center. However, economic functions—but also some services and amenities—are distributed unevenly across the metropolitan area. The authors suggest that other connections, such as those generated by occasional consumption activities, interfirm exchanges, and other weak ties could be explored to more fully understand the economic ties between constituent parts of metropolitan areas.

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