Advanced and sustainable energy storage technologies with tailorable electrochemically active materials platform are the present research dominancy toward an urgent global need for electrical vehicles and portable electronics. Moreover, intensive efforts are given to screen the widely available low-cost materials with a focus to achieve superior electrochemical performance for the fabrication of energy storage devices. Transition metal-based sulfides have prodigious technological credibility due to their compositional-and morphological-based tunable electrochemical properties. Here the significant advances and present state-ofthe-art of such assured materials in different energy storage devices are discussed. Assessment of the intensive work invested in the progress of transition metals such as V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn Mo, and W based sulfides along with their structural/compositional engineering and addressable aspects for electrochemical performance enhancement are highlighted. Additionally, discussions on critical strategies for decisive mechanistic and kinetic views for charge storage phenomena with key challenges, such as volume expansions, low stability, and sluggish kinetics, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects demands for strategic approaches of such materials with prominence in futuristic directions are concluded.

Next-generation technologies in the development of energy storage devices are the need of current forefront research to surmount the depletion of fossils. The supercapacitor is one of the most promising energy storage devices with fast charging-discharging within second and exhibit excellent cyclic stability owing to their high power density with high mechanical compliance making them suitable electronic devices as power back-ups for stretchable electronic devices. The numerous options have been explored to increase the functionality of electrode or finding suitable and reliable electrolyte for high energy density and power density. Although it is a challenge for the scientific community and R&D sector to find the appropriate material/electrolyte for the development of supercapacitor. Under these circumstances, the two dimensional (2D) materials including quasi graphene, MXene and transition metal dichalcogenides owing high electrochemical performances attract immense interest towards the supercapacitors. These materials under the virtue of its unique physical and chemical behaviour owing to excellent electrical and mechanical properties with high surface area are well suited for supercapacitor applications. In this review, we briefly present current evolution, comparison of methods and materials in high range, a brief discussion on future directions, challenges and opportunities in the development of electrode material for supercapacitor.

Batteries & Supercaps www.batteries-supercaps.org Review doi.org/10.1002/batt.202200418The inherent advancement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic gadgets is expanding exponentially, and the ongoing surge of electric vehicles (EVS) in the near future will result in an unprecedented amount of lithium waste. Used cathode materials contain hazardous metal toxic, polymer binder, and electrolytes, posing a serious risk to the environment and public health. For socio-environmental reasons, it is required to recover all valuable metals or to immediately relithiate the used cathode materials by adding suitable salts in the stoichiometric ratio. As the consumption of batteries increases over time in daily life, recycling LIBs will become more and more crucial. Compared to the traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical routes, direct recycling technologies can regenerate electrodes without using an intensive energy or chemicals, which saves money and reduces secondary waste. As a result, the authors emphasise direct relithiation methods for spent cathode relithiation, such as hydrothermal, ionothermal, electrochemical, and molten salts. In-depth analysis and discussion are also given to the aforementioned approaches. The deactivation, disintegration, and separation processes used in the physical processing of black mass and other constituents are discussed. We reviewed the obstacles, possible commercialization of technology, and recommendations to the reviewer for the developing ecologically friendly recycling technology in the near future toward the circular economy.

A scalable and facile regeneration route is exploited to recover the graphite from spent lithium-ion battery (LIB). Eco-friendly organic acid is employed as a leaching-curing reagent for the present work. All the unwanted content of elements e.g., Ni, Co, Li, Cu and Al has been completely terminated from the graphite after the purification step without any additional calcination process. The optical, structural and electrochemical properties of as-reclaimed graphite have been studied by several analytical methods. Regenerated graphite is restored their layered crystal structure along with expansion in the interlayer distance and same is confirmed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis respectively. Notably, high purity graphite is achieved and tested its electrochemical storage property in supercapacitor (SC) applications. As an outcome, recreated graphite exhibits the maximum areal capacitance of 285 mF cm-2 at 5 mVs-1. The fabricated symmetric SC demonstrates the superior energy storage performance in terms of durability and higher capacitance (131 mF cm-2) with better capacity retention over several cycles. It is worth to mention that, this curing process is a facile route, consumes lower energy and eco-friendly methodology thereby it may have futuristic extent for the bench scale reclamation of graphite from spent LIBs.