To evaluate the anastomotic potential of prevascular tissue constructs generated from scaffold-free self-assembly of human endothelial and fibroblast cells, tissue constructs were implanted into athymic mice and immune-competent rats. Analysis of xenografts placed into hind limb muscle defects showed vascular anastomotic activity by 3 days following implantation and persisting for 2 weeks. Integration of the implanted prevascular tissue constructs with the host circulatory system was evident from presence of red blood cells in the implant as early as 3 days following implantation. Additionally, analysis of 3-day xenografts in the rat model showed activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells based on Pax-7 and MyoD expression. We conclude that prevascular tissue constructs generated from scaffold-free self-assembly of human endothelial and fibroblast cells are a promising tool to provide both vascular supply and satellite cell activation toward the resolution of skeletal muscle injury.

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