Current Navigation Among Movable Obstacles (NAMO) algorithms focus on finding a path for the robot that only optimizes the displacement cost of navigating and moving obstacles out of its way. However, in a human environment, this focus may lead the robot to leave the space in a socially inappropriate state that may hamper human activity (i.e. by blocking access to doors, corridors, rooms or objects of interest). In this paper, we tackle this problem of "Social Placement Choice" by building a social occupation costmap, built using only geometrical information. We present how existing NAMO algorithms can be extended by exploiting this new cost map. Then, we show the effectiveness of this approach with simulations, and provide additional evaluation criteria to assess the social acceptability of plans.
In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of Navigation Among Movable Obstacles (NAMO) literature, notably highlighting that social acceptability remains an unadressed problem in this robotics navigation domain. The objectives of a Socially-Aware NAMO are defined and a first set of algorithmic propositions is built upon existing work. We developed a simulator allowing to test our propositions of social movability evaluation for obstacle selection, and social placement of objects with a semantic map layer. Preliminary pushing tests are done with a Pepper robot, the standard platform for the Robocup@home SSPL 1 , in the context of our participation (LyonTech Team).
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