Résumé -Objectif : Dans un contexte de découverte de cadavre dans deux situations distinctes et après autopsie de ceux-ci, un dépistage toxicologique a été réalisé sur les prélèvements effectués et disponibles afin de préciser, si possible, les causes de la mort. Méthodes : L'éthanolémie a été déterminée par CPG/DIF. Le dépistage des xénobiotiques organiques a été pratiqué après extraction liquide/liquide à pH acide et pH basique par CPG/SM et CLHP/DAD/SM. Les substances décelées ont, ensuite, été dosées par CLHP/SM, après extraction liquide/liquide appropriée et ajout d'étalon interne. Résultats : Dans les deux cas, de fortes concentrations sanguines en méprobamate ont été déterminées (78 et 120 µg/mL) associées principalement à des benzodiazépines (et au zolpidem dans le second cas). Conclusion : La surdose de méprobamate est, en toute vraisemblance, à l'origine des décès. De plus, les effets toxiques de celui-ci ont, probablement, été potentialisés par les benzodiazépines, le zolpidem et l'éthanol présents selon les cas. Mots clés : Méprobamate, benzodiazépine, intoxicationAbstract -Aim: After the discovery of two different corpses and their autopsy, a toxicological screening has been performed on all available samples in order to investigate the cause of death. Methods: Blood alcohol has been determined by gas chromatography -flame ionisation detector. Organic xenobiotics have been searched for by liquid-liquid extraction at both acid and alkaline pH, and analysed by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography -diode array detector -mass spectrometry. All substances found, have then consequently been quantified by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry (after addition of an internal standard followed by liquid-liquid extraction). Results: In both cases, high blood concentrations of meprobamate have been found (78 and 120 µg/mL) associated mainly with benzodiazepines (and with zolpidem in the second case). Conclusion: The overdose of meprobamate is responsible for the death. Furthermore, the toxic effects of this molecule have been potentiated by the benzodiazepines, zolpidem or ethanol (substances depending of the case).
The authors present 2 new cases of so-called spontaneous human combustion. The first observations of isolated body combustion, to use a more appropriate term, date back to the 17th century. Its main features are that some parts of the body (usually the middle third) are badly burnt to the point of being reduced to ashes, contrasting with other well-preserved body parts and the intact or nearly intact immediate vicinity of the body. Usually, combustion occurs postmortem, and a source of heat is found near the body. High concentrations of blood alcohol are frequently found but not mandatory. In all cases, ruling out homicide is a major concern.
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