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: Expensive herbs such as ginseng are always a possible target for fraudulent labeling. New mountain ginseng strains have occasionally been found deep within mountain areas and commercially traded at exorbitant prices. However, until now, no scientific basis has existed to distinguish such ginseng from commonly cultivated ginseng species other than by virtue of being found within deep mountain areas. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer has been shown to be an appropriate method for the identification of the most popular species (Panax ginseng) in the Panax ginseng genus. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified between three newly found mountain ginseng (KGD4, KGD5, and KW1) and already established Panax species. Specific PCR primers were designed from this SNP site within the sequence data and used to detect the mountain ginseng strains via multiplex PCR. The established multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of newly found mountain ginseng strains, Korean ginseng, and foreign ginseng in a single reaction was determined to be effective. This study is the first report of scientific discrimination of "mountain ginsengs" and describes an effective method of identification for fraud prevention and for uncovering the possible presence of other, cheaper ginseng species on the market.

As an alternative to raw wood, processed timber can help reduce costs and environmental damage while meeting the needs of various fields that require building materials possessing the sensibility of raw timber. Veneer wood is positioned as a high-value-added product owing to its elegance and beauty, and it is used in various building-related fields, such as interior decoration, furniture, flooring, building interior materials, and lumber. Dyeing is necessary to enhance its esthetic appearance and expand its use. In this study, we compared and analyzed the dyeability of ash-patterned materials using acid dyes and evaluated their performance as interior materials. The ash-patterned material was dyed using three types of acid dyes, and a comparative analysis was performed. The most suitable dyeing conditions were 80 °C, 3 h, and 3% o.w.f. Furthermore, the effect of pretreatment before the dyeing process, the effect of methyl alcohol solvent during dyeing with acid dyes, and the dyeability of veneers dyed under various temperature and time conditions were also compared and analyzed. Resilience to daylight, resilience to rubbing, fire resistance, and flame retardance of the selected material were evaluated as being suitable for use as a building material for interiors.