SummaryThe differentiation of vascular tissue plays a central role in root architecture and its functionality. Regardless of its importance, the molecular mechanisms involved in the inception of vascular morphogenesis and their interaction with hormones are only now beginning to be understood. The characterisation of the WOODEN LEG (wol/cre1 mutant), impaired in procambial cell proliferation and the identi®cation of WOL/CRE1 as a cytokinin receptor, provided the ®rst genetic evidence pointing to a role of cytokinins in the formation of vascular initials. However, the striking wol phenotype in vascular differentiation is unique among all the available cre1 alleles collection. In this work, we identi®ed a mutant with identical de®ciencies in vascular differentiation as wol. Complementation analysis revealed that this mutant rescued the wol short-root phenotype. However, genetic characterisation of the mutant showed that the mutation was located at the CRE1 locus, indicating that both alleles displayed interallelic complementation. Trans-heterozygotes characterisation showed that these plants fully restored the de®ciency in vascular differentiation but not the canonical cytokinin signalling. Furthermore, we show that, as measured in root growth inhibition, calli regeneration assays and northern analysis, the original wol allele is in fact more sensitive to cytokinins than the transheterozygous plants, or some cre1 alleles showing wild-type vascular morphogenesis. Thus, there is no strict correlation between the phenotype in vascular differentiation displayed by the cre1/wol alleles and canonical cytokinin signalling. These results indicate that at least partially independent regulatory circuits may operate in procambial cell proliferation and in cytokinin responsiveness exerted through the CRE1 receptor.
La biología evolutiva se enfoca al estudio de los patrones de variación fenotípica heredables dentro de las poblaciones y su dinámica en tiempos transgeneracionales. Históricamente, los modelos evolutivos a nivel de las poblaciones se han desarrollado bajo supuestos simples. Dos de ellos particularmente importantes son: 1) el cambio genético es un indicador directo de la variación fenotípica y 2) existe aditividad de los impactos genéticos sobre el fenotipo. Un modelo más certero de evolución biológica debería de considerar explícitamente el mapeo entre genotipo y fenotipo y viceversa, ya que los mecanismos que median el desarrollo de los organismos y su interacción con el ambiente son los que generan la variación fenotípica. Una perspectiva dinámica no lineal es imprescindible para entender cómo se genera la variación fenotípica dado un fondo genético particular. Dicho de otra manera, es necesario entender los mecanismos sistémicos del mapeo entre genotipo y fenotipo en un contexto ecológico y evolutivo. El campo que comprende este enfoque es el de la Ecología Evolutiva del Desarrollo (Eco-Evo-Devo), el cual tiene además un enfoque sistémico. En México este campo ha crecido de manera incipiente a través del análisis de los mecanismos de desarrollo con enfoques de biología de sistemas, principalmente. En este artículo resumimos avances de este campo de estudio en México y cuáles son los principales grupos de investigación en el país, tanto en plantas como en animales. También evaluamos los impactos biomédicos de tomar esta perspectiva.
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