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Aims: This study aims to evaluate medical students' knowledge, thoughts, and awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was prepared for this descriptive study. In the questionnaire, medical students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. Categorical variables are demonstrated as numbers and percentages, whereas continuous variables are presented as minimum, maximum, and mean values. Results: A total of 575 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean participant age was 21.7 years. Fifty-two percent of participants knew about the coronaviridae family before the outbreak and 38.8% were informed about COVID-19 in their medical schools. Of the students, 99.7% stated that the first case's origin was in China. Eighty percent of the participants stated that droplet spread is the transmission route of COVID-19. The most common opinion about the incubation period of the SARS CoV-2 was two to twelve days. Being older than 65 years old, having a comorbidity, being immunosuppressed, or working in the healthcare sector were the most particular risk factors to get infected. The majority of the participants follow the vaccine developments from social media, radio and television. According to 75.83% of the participants, all people should wear a mask in daily life for protection. Conclusion:The epidemiology and diagnostic factors of COVID-19 are well known by medical students. To minimize information pollution and raise awareness, medical students should be educated about pandemic and management of it. Further evaluation with various methods and more participants may help to better understand the awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students.

Ear related diseases are common in both otolaryngology clinics and family practice since all age groups can get affected. Due to the frequency and the range of diseases of the ear, it is very important to carry out a thorough examination and make a correct diagnosis. Otoscopes are very useful tools used for otoscopic examination. Although head mirrors and head lambs can be used for the examination of the ear, otoscopes provide a better field of vision and a more detailed sight. There are two main types of otoscopes; portable and wall-mounted. However, the examination should not be limited to the outer ear. It is the examiner's responsibility to check the area around the ear for abnormalities. Otoscopic examination is a convenient method for making a correct diagnosis. Therefore, every medical doctor should be able to perform a proper otoscopic examination and make a correct diagnosis.

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute physical exercise and acute mental exercise on visual reaction time in healthy medical students. Methods: We used a simple reaction time task software developed by the researchers to measure the visual reaction times of the subjects. Reaction times of subjects as well as pulse rates were measured on three different occasions: basal (resting), post acute mental exercise and post acute physical exercise. The acute physical exercise was constructed to last for 5 minutes in a way that would double the basal pulse rate of the participant. The acute mental exercise was induced by five minutes of ADD-3 arithmetics. All volunteered physically healthy medical students from four different medical schools in Turkey without red-green color deficiencies were included in the study. Results: A total of 232 (136 male, 96 female) individuals with a mean age of 20.79 ± 1.42 were included in the study. Differences between basal reaction time and post-physical exercise reaction time; the basal reaction time and post-mental exercise reaction time were found to be statistically significant. Basal reaction time of participants was found to be the key element deriving both post-mental and physical exercise reaction times. Also, one unit increase in the number of ADD-3 problems solved was associated with 0.21 units decrease in post-mental exercise reaction time. Conclusion: Both acute mental exercise and acute physical exercise can shorten visual reaction time. Our results also indicate that there might be a relationship between arithmetic capability (ADD-3 arithmetics performance) and visual reaction time.