Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of elite Turkish wrestlers according to their weight categories. Material and methods: In this study, 21 elite male wrestlers (age 22.9 ± 4.0) have been examined according to three weight categories: Light weight, middle weight, heavy weight. Height, weight, arm and calf girth, humerus and femur width, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, calf, supraspinale) were measured. Arm anthropometry (upper arm muscle area, upper arm fat area, upper arm fat index), somatotype (Heath-Carter somatotype method), and body composition (bio-impedance analysis) were determined. Results: In the light weight wrestlers, body fat was 9.95% and somatotype 2.15–6.68–1.62; in the middle weight wrestlers, body fat was 11.79% and somatotype 2.83–6.83–1.01; in the heavy weight wrestlers, body fat was 18.63% and somatotype 4.10–8.13–0.53 was determined. While the endomorphy component of the light weight wrestlers was significantly lower than the middle weight and heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.017), the ectomorphy component was significantly higher than the heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.05). Fat free mass differed significantly between the three weight categories (p < 0.017), while body fat was higher in heavy weight than both light weight and middle weight (p < 0.017). The weight showed a significant and positive relationship with all anthropometric and body composition values except AFI and ectomorphy (p < 0.05 with mesomorphy, p < 0.01 with others). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that wrestlers have anthropometric characteristics specific to their weight categories. While the light weight wrestlers show a balanced mesomorph structure, the heavy weight wrestlers have adapted to the endomorphic mesomorph body type with the increase in fat and fat free mass.

One of the most important factors affecting performance is body composition. Therefore, the fat and lean body mass of athletes has been the focus of scientific studies. The main purpose of present study was to determine the body composition of elite male Turkish athletes, to assess the situation of athletes, to reveal the differences and similarities between the branches. Body composition of the sample consisting of fencing (n: 10), wrestling (n: 21) and weightlifters (n: 9) was examined according to the two-component model. According to Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual (ASRM) and International Biological Program (IBP), height, weight, biceps, triceps, subscapular, supraspinale, suprailiac and calf skinfold thickness (ST) measurements were taken. Durnin-Womersley Formula was used to calculate the body density of athletes and Siri Formula was used to calculate body fat percentages. The body fat of percentages the fencers, wrestlers and weightlifters were 16,82%, 15,41% and 17,68%, respectively. The athletes' Body Mass Index (BMI), calf ST and lean body mass values were significantly different (p<0,05). According to the results of the research, it was concluded that although the fat ratios differed between the branches, it was not statistically significant.

Sex estimation from skeletons is an important analysis to construct a biological profile of an unidentified skeletal remains. Triangle area is calculated with linear measurements taken from the skull, and models are being developed for sex estimation. The aim of this study was to derive discriminant function equations from two triangles in the skull. The material of the study consists of the skulls of 112 individuals (56 males and 56 females) which are dated to the Late Ottoman Period and collected from the Istanbul Karacaahmet Cemetery. Six linear measurements were taken from the skulls of this series of known sex, and the facial and occipital triangle areas were determined by the Heron formula. TEM, rTEM, R coefficients and ICC were calculated to determine the intra-observer and inter-observer error. The sex discrimination power of each criterion was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. T-test was used to determine the differences between the sexes, and discriminant function analysis was used to create formulas. In the study, it was determined that the intra-observer and inter-observer error rates of 6 measurements were low (TEM = 0.16-0.94 mm; rTEM = 0.74-2.08%; R = 0.91-0.99; ICC = 0.951-0.992). All variables differed significantly between sex (p&lt;0.05). According to the ROC analysis, the sex discrimination power of the triangle areas was similar (AUC; occipital triangle area 0.727, facial triangle area 0.736). As a result of the present study, it was determined that the 4 equations established correctly classified sex at rates ranging from 67% to 73.2%.

Öz: Antropometri insan vücudunu metrik olarak ortaya koyan bir tekniktir ve spor bilimlerinde vücut morfolojisini incelemek için sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde büyük bir ilgi odağı haline gelen futbol, fiziksel ve zihinsel açıdan birçok koordinasyonu içinde barındıran bir spordur. Çalışmanın amacı, futbolcuların (6-17 yaş) somatotip özelliklerini belirlemek ve futboldaki başarının artmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın örneklemini MKE Ankaragücü U17 futbol takımından 17, Keçiören Belediyesi Bağlum Spor Kulübü'nden 71 olmak üzere toplam 88 futbolcu oluşturmaktadır. Uluslararası Biyolojik Program (International Biological Programme-IBP) ve Antropometrik Standardizasyon Referans El Kitabı (Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual-ASRM)'na göre ağırlık, boy, biceps ve baldır çevresi, diz ve dirsek genişliği, baldır, triceps, subscapular ve supraspinale deri kıvrımı kalınlığı ölçümleri alınmış, somatotip analizler için Heath-Carter metodu uygulanmıştır. Dört farklı kategoriye ayrılan futbolcuların somatotip ortalaması 2.9; 3.0; 3.0 olarak bulunmuş, minikler 2.9; 3.1; 3.1, küçükler 3.3; 2.9; 2.9, yıldızlar 2.8; 2.2; 3.8 ve gençler 2.5; 3.5; 2.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, gençler kategorisinin literatürdeki sonuçlarla göreceli olarak benzerlik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte diğer kategorilerdeki futbolcuların sahip olması gereken vücut yapısına tam olarak uygun olmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, antrenörlerin sporcu seçiminde daha dikkatli olmaları ve morfolojik özelliklerin göz önünde bulundurulması yararlı olacaktır.