No abstract

Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is a probiotic and used in the prevention or treatment of diarrhoea. Saccharomyces boulardii has many mechanisms to protect the host against diarrhoeal pathogens. It might modulate the immune system. In this study, the influence of S. boulardii on the secretion of cytokines from intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was investigated in vitro. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta was decreased in the infected IELs incubated with S. boulardii, but different from it, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels such as IL-4 and IL-10, however, were found to be higher. These findings demonstrated that S. boulardii may have protective effects against diarrhoeal pathogens by reducing the proinflammatory response.

Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) is an important fruit that has been studied in recent years due to its phytochemicals and health benefits. In this study, traditionally produced vinegar made from gilaburu fruit (C-GV) was evaluated. Vinegar with higher levels of bioactive components optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) was also produced using ultrasound (UT-GV). The maximum optimization result for the bioactive components was achieved at 14 min and 61.2 amplitude. The effectiveness of thermal pasteurization (P-GV) on gilaburu vinegar was evaluated. An increase was detected for every organic acid with ultrasound treatment. In the UT-GV and C-GV samples, arabinose was present, which is useful for stimulating the immune system. Gilaburu vinegar samples contained 29–31 volatile compounds. The smallest amount of volatile compounds was found in P-GV (1280.9 µg/kg), and the largest amounts of volatile compounds were found in C-GV (1566.9 µg/kg) and UT-GV (1244.10 µg/kg). In the UT-GV sample, Fe was increased, but Ca, K, Mg, and Mn were decreased. A total of 15 polyphenols were detected in C-GV, P-GV, and UT-GV samples, and gallic acid was the most common. A total of 17 free amino acids were detected in gilaburu vinegar samples. Ultrasound provided enrichment in total phenolic compounds and total free amino acids. All three vinegar samples had good antimicrobial activity against pathogens. The efficacy of C-GV, P-GV, and UT-GV samples against colon and stomach cancer was determined, but there were no significant differences between them. As a result, ultrasound treatment is notable due to its antimicrobial and anticancer activity, especially for the enrichment of phenolic compounds and amino acids in gilaburu vinegar.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the seropositivity of CoronaVac-SinoVac vaccination in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) risk factors and comorbidities. METHODS: Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody responses were examined on the 21st day after the second dose of CoronaVac-SinoVac 6 μg vaccine on the 28th day. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in vaccinated health care workers (n=134) (Group I), vaccinated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (+) who had coronavirus-19 (COVID-19)disease (n=21) (Group II), and unvaccinated PCR (+) (n=28) (Group III) participants. Subgroups were formed in Group I according to the presence of COVID-19 risk factors and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and asthma/allergy) and demographic data. RESULTS: Seropositivity rates were 95.5, 100, and 89.3% for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. IgG antibody levels were found significantly higher in the group between the ages of 20-30 in group I compared to those aged 31-50 and over 50 (both p<0.01). It was found significantly higher in normal-weight individuals than in the overweight and obese group (both p<0.01). IgG antibody levels were found significantly lower in people with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus compared with those who did not (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). There was a negative correlation between IgG antibody response values and body mass index and age in Group I (r= -0.336, p<0.001 and r= -0.307, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: IgG antibody values decrease with age and with increasing body mass index. The presence of comorbidities (i.e., diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease) decreased COVID-19 IgG antibody values.

Bu çalışmada Aralık 2019'dan beri tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs salgını sonrası geçilen uzaktan eğitim sisteminin avantajları ve dezavantajlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Özellikle uygulamalı eğitimin önemli bir yer tuttuğu Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu'nda öğrenim gören 308 ön lisans öğrencisi tarafından cevaplandırılan anket çalışması faktör analizi ile incelenmiştir. Genel bilgiler ile faktörler arası farklılıklar non-parametrik testler ile, faktörler arası ilişkiler ise korelasyon analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılım gösteren öğrencilerin %84,4'ü (n:260) kadın, %15,6'sı (n: 48) erkekti. Uygulanan anketin güvenilirliğini ölçmek amacıyla hesaplanan Cronbach alpha katsayısı 0,894, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin ölçütü 0,906 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler neticesinde bölüm değişkeni ile uzaktan eğitim algıları (p=0,02) arasında, cinsiyet değişkeni ile ders takibi arasında (p=0,039) anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş grupları (p=0,401), sınıf düzeyi (p=0,074) ve cinsiyet (p=0,847) ile uzaktan eğitim algısı arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. Uzaktan eğitimde sistem ve alt yapı faktörü ile uzaktan eğitim algısı arasında ise orta düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0,516, p<0,01). Sonuç: Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim memnuniyetlerini etkileyen faktörler değişmekle beraber genel memnuniyet oranı yüksek bulunmuştur fakat uygulamalı eğitim verimliliği açısından öğrenciler yüz yüze eğitimi tercih etmektedirler.