This article examines the genesis of a new Lithuanian political unit, the Drasos kelias party, which was created in 2012 and successfully participated in the 2012 Lithuanian parliamentary elections, reconstructing it in three stages based on the analysis of news portals. Reconstruction of the first stage is based on the competing “conspiracy versions” (two different interpretations of the unsolved criminal story in the news media) in 2009- 2010. Two archetypal characters (criminal and/or hero) were sought in the interpretation of the two aforementioned versions. Agenda setting and media framing theories were used as explanatory theories. The second stage (2011-2012) is reconstructed through further analysis of the news portals as well as through the analysis of some additional research from the interviews and focus group discussions. This data allowed us to retrace the logic of collective thinking. This logic of collective thinking contributed to the formation of a continuous “single issue” protest community which was united by the slogan “do not hand the child to a paedophilia clan”. This group of people constantly hindered the governmental institutions from the implementation of the court decision to hand the child to her mother, and over a long period of time its protest arguments expanded from “not handing the child to her mother” to protests against the entire Lithuanian legal system. Further, the third stage associated with formal institutionalization of political party and its rising of popularity among the voters in the 2012 Lithuanian parliamentary elections is analyzed. The analysis stresses the importance of social and personal networks for the regional dispersion of party election results.
XX amžiuje nepriklausomybę iškovojusi lietuvių tauta susidūrė su istorine tautinių mažumų nacionalinės integracijos problema. Iki 1926 m. perversmo šios problemos sprendimo strategija grįsta 1922 m. Konstitucijoje apibrėžta Lietuvos Tautos kategorija. Perversmo būdu ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje įsitvirtinę tautininkai kūrė savo strategiją. Jos taikymas smarkiai palietė gausiausią Lietuvos tautinę mažumą - žydus. Tautininkai, besivadovaudami etninio nacionalizmo bei pilietiškumo (paneigiančío Lietuvos Tautos sąvoką) sampratomis, nubrėžė kultūrinio šios mažumos tautinės tapatybės raiškos ribas. Esminis kriterijus - žydų mažumos kultūrinio lojalumo idėja. Ši mažuma buvo padalyta į savus ir svetimus, o tai ketvirtojo dešimtmečio Lietuvoje ženklina galutinį visuotinės lygybės principo atsisakymą bei komunitarinių tendencijų stiprėjimą. Šių tendencijų įsigalėjimas ir sudarė esmines kultūrinės žydų tapatybės charakteristikų motyvacijas.
Andrius Volanas was a sixteenth-century Lithuanian Calvinist leader. He was known not only for his political activities, but also gained notoriety as the author of De libertate politica sive civili (1572), in which he studies the main social and political problems of Lithuania. In this book we can find political and social ideas that were modern not only for Lithuania of that time, but also for Europe, where different protestant theologians were trying to define the new social and political frames of social and political life, and in so doing were trying to find the keys to political modernization. They sought inspiration not only among their contemporaries, but also in ancient Hellenistic philosophy. The Roman philosopher Cicero was one of their most popular sources of inspiration. Andrius Volanas and others had used Cicero's ideas to look for new vectors in political and social life.
Stasys Ðalkauskis buvo vienas iðkiliausiø Lietuvos tarpukario filosofø. Be jo, anot B.Genzelio, "sunkiai suvokiamas XX amþiaus pirmosios pusës Lietuvos intelektualusis gyvenimas" 1 . Nepaisant ðito, jam skirtà istoriografijà vargu ar galëtume pavadinti plaèia. Visø pirma minëtinas iðeivijos autorius J.Eretas, pateikaes tiek St.Ðalkauskio biografijà 2 , tiek idëjas 3 . Ið vëlesniø autoriø, raðiusiø apie St.Ðalkauská, minëtinas A.Sverdiolas, kuris atliko iðsamià ir bene rimèiausià St.Ðalkauskio paþiûrø analizae. Joje nemaþai vietos jis skyrë St.Ðalkauskio ir Antano Maceinos paþiûrø lyginimui 4 . Prieð pat atgimimà J.Girnius (Amerikoje) iðleido St.Ðalkauskio raðtus, kuriuos ávade pats ir aptarë. 1990-aisiais metais Romoje iðëjo atskira ðio autoriaus knygelë, skirta lietuviø filosofo moksliniam palikimui 5 . St.Ðalkauskio raðtø leidimo tradicijà (tiek iðeivijoje, tiek Lietuvoje iðleisti filosofo tekstai nesidubliavo) jau nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje (1990 m.) taesë Giedrë Baltrënienë-Kadþiulytë, pirmojo tomo ávade apraðiusi St.Ðalkauskio kûrybiná palikimà 6 . R.Paulauskas 7 ir O.Tijûnëlienë 8 tyrinëjo St.Ðalkauskio filosofinae pedagogikà. Lietuviø filosofo estetinae teorijà, lygindamas jà su V.Sezemano teorija, nagrinëja B.Genzelis savo "Lietuvos filosofijos istorijos bruoþuose" 9 . Taip pat minëtinas ðio autoriaus apþvalginio pobûdþio straipsnis Lenkijoje "Filosofija zycia Szalkauskisa" 10 . Taèiau trumpai apþvelgus St.Ðalkauskiui skirtà istoriografijà tenka konstatuoti, jog jo paþiûros á tautines maþumas ligi ðiol nesusilaukë deramo dëmesio. Ðis straipsnis ir pabandys uþpildyti ðià nemenkà St.Ðalkauskio kûrybos tyrinëjimø spragà. Paþymëtina, jog St.Ðalkauskio tautiðkumo koncepcija nebuvo unikali Europos idëjiniame lauke, nes tiek Lietuvoje, tiek ir likusioje Centrinëje bei Rytø Europoje vykae moderniø tautø formavimosi procesai savo pobûdþiu buvo artimi. Tuo mes galësime ásitikinti palyginae St.Ðalkauskio poþiûrá su Vakarø nacionalizmo teoretikø poþiûriu. Tai -A.D.Smithas, E.Gellneris, B.Andersonas, K.W.Deutschas ir kiti. Taigi svarbiausias ðio straipsnio tikslas yra iðsiaiðkinti, kuriai ið èia minimø autoriø koncepcijø yra artimiausios tarpukario Lietuvos filosofo paþiûros. Kitaip tariant, èia bus pabandyta atlikti istorinës St.Ðalkauskio paþiûros á tautiðkumà rekonstrukcijà, pasitelkiant modernias nacionalizmo teorijas. Ðio bendro tikslo bus siekiama atliekant maþesnius uþdavinius, kaip antai: St.Ðalkauskio þmogaus ir tautinës individualybës, patriotizmo, nacionalizmo problemos suvokimo analizë. Jos metu bus pasiremta analitiniu-komparatyvistiniu metodu, kurio teikiamos loginës galimybës ágalina mus visapusiðkai ásigilinti ir objektyviai suprasti esamos ðaltiniø medþiagos turiná.Bernaras Ivanovas
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