Objective: Exercise is recommended for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the most effective exercise prescription is unclear. This trial compared effects of highintensity interval training (HIIT), continuous aerobic exercise training (CAET) and noexercise control on reproductive, anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes in PCOS. Design: Pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants: Previously inactive women aged 18-40 years with PCOS. Measurements: Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, adherence to exercise and daily ovulation prediction kit (OPK) testing. Preliminary efficacy outcomes included reproductive, anthropometric and cardiometabolic health markers.Results: Forty-seven women were randomized to no-exercise control (n = 17), HIIT (n = 16), or CAET (n = 14). Forty (85%) participants completed the trial. Median exercise adherence was 68% (IQR 53%, 86%). Median daily OPK-testing adherence in the first half of the intervention was 87% (IQR 61%, 97%) compared with 65% (IQR 0%, 96%) in the second half. Body mass index decreased significantly in CAET compared with control (−1.0 kg/m 2 , p = .01) and HIIT (−0.9 kg/m 2 , p = .04). Mean waist circumference decreased in all groups (−7.3 cm, −6.9 cm, −4.5 cm in HIIT, CAET and control) with no significant between-group differences. Mean LDL-C was significantly reduced for HIIT compared to CAET (−0.33 mmol/L, p = .03). HDL-C increased in HIIT compared with control (0.18 mmol/L, p = .04).Conclusions: There were feasibility challenges with adherence to daily ovulation assessment limiting the ability to analyse the effect of the exercise interventions on ovulation. CAET and HIIT were both effective at improving anthropometrics and some cardiometabolic health markers. Further studies need to determine optimal and acceptable exercise prescriptions for this population.

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Six patients with acromegaly at examination were found to have pituitary adenomas composed of cells that secreted GH and PRL. This was demonstrated by the elevated serum hormone concentrations, by immunoperoxidase staining of 5 specimens, and by electron microscopic examination of 4. Ultrastructural characteristics, described in detail, suggest that these adenomas were mixed adenomas consisting of 2 well-defined, distinct cell types, each secreting one hormone. By immunoperoxidase staining some cells were found to contain immunoreactive growth hormone, other cells immunoreactive prolactin. No cells were detected exhibiting immunostaining for both growth hormone and prolactin. Eelctron microscopy, consistent with the results of immunostaining, revealed the presence of two distinct cell types, distinguishable from each other by their characteristic fine structural features. No intermediate forms were noted. Thus there was no evidence to suggest that one cell type might transform to the other. Present findings seem to indicate that mixed adenomas secreting growth hormone as well as prolactin and consisting of somatotrophs as well as lactotrophs do occur in the human pituitary gland. Although all the results obtained so far suggest that these tumors are composed of two distinct cell types and thus can be interpreted as representing real mixed adenomas, further work is required to establish whether or not they derive from one common progenitor.