It is known that arginine vasopressin (AVP) participate in the regulation of the immune responses, including the scarring. However, the effect of how AVP regulates this process is not clear. Here we describe the impact of AVP deficiency induced by neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) or blocking the V1a‐V2 AVP receptors with conivaptan (CON) on the kidney fibrosis (KF), induced by unilateral ureteral ligature (UUL). Groups of 5 Wistar male rats were prepared: Control Intact (CI), UUL, NIL, NIL+UUL, UUL+NIL and UUL+CON. The NIL group was operated 6 weeks before sacrifice. In the NIL+UUL group NIL was performed 3 weeks before UUL and sacrificed 3 weeks after. In the UUL+CON (3mg/kg/day/SC/3 weeks before sacrifice) the UUL was done 6 weeks before sacrifice. KF was evaluated in histological slides stained with H‐E, Masson and Sirius red. Results showed that UUL induced hydronephrosis, severe kidney fibrosis and loss of histological architecture, whose severity was related to each experimental condition: In the UUL severe fibrosis occurred in the ilium, pelvis, periglomerular, intraglomerular, intraluminal tubules and interstitial kidney areas. In comparison with the CI, NIL group showed normal kidney histology, whereas that, in comparison with the UUL the NIL+UUL group developed significant less histological alterations and less kidney fibrosis. In the UUL+NIL group (NIL surgery performed 3 weeks after UUL and sacrificed 3 weeks later), although histological changes and fibrosis were apparent, these were significantly less severe as compared with the UUL group. In comparison with the NIL+UUL group, the UUL+CON animals developed less severe fibrosis and less histopathological changes. Conclusions. Results showed that kidney fibrosis may be controlled by AVP deficiency or blocking the V1a‐V2 AVP receptors (CON) indicating a major role of AVP on the fibrotic process. Results also suggests that conivaptan may be used for kidney fibrosis treatment. Support or Funding Information Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes PIFF14‐1 and CONACYT 221262. México
Introducción: la resaca de alcohol se refiere a la combinación de síntomas mentales y físicos negativos que pueden experimentarse después de un solo episodio de consumo de alcohol, comenzando cuando la concentración de alcohol en sangre se acerca a cero. Las resacas generalmente no se consideran dañinas y han recibido poca atención científica a pesar de ser la morbilidad relacionada con el alcohol más frecuente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar el concepto de la re-saca ocasionada por el consumo de alcohol, su fisiopatología y tratamiento. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura de las bases de datos en línea PubMed, EBSCO, BVS, Cochrane, Buscador UAA y Epistemonikos utilizando los siguientes términos MeSH en español e inglés: “veisalgia”, “re-saca inducida por alcohol” y “resaca de alcohol”. Resultados: es necesario diferenciar las resacas en los bebedores sociales de los síntomas de abstinencia que experimentan las personas con trastornos por consumo de alcohol (es decir, alcoholismo), lo que no sólo implica el consumo excesivo de alcohol, sino que también mantiene un nivel basal de consumo de alcohol bastante constante con el consumo continuo durante varios días o incluso más. Conclusiones: críticamente, todos los modelos de resaca deben basarse en la definición actual de resaca de alcohol. En los estudios en sujetos humanos, los investigadores necesitan ser objetivos en el diseño de estudio que se debe utilizar considerando sus ventajas y limitaciones.
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