Introduction: Surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is usually performed in the first week of life. There is no consensus on surgical intervention for patients with a late diagnosis. Our study was designed to evaluate the early results of patients who underwent late-term correction based on surgical techniques. Patients and Methods: Our study included patients older than a month, who were operated on due to TGA between 2014 and 2019. Data on the postoperative hospital mortality and morbidity of these patients were examined. Results: The study enrolled 11 patients. Arterial switch operation (ASO) was performed in 36.3% (n= 4) of the patients, while an atrial switch operation was performed in 63.7%. After left ventricular (LV) training, ASO was performed in 25% (n= 1) of the patients. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support requirement was present in 36.4% (n= 4) of the patients due to postoperative low cardiac output. The mortality rate was 27.3% (n= 3). Of these deaths, 33.3% occurred among patients who had undergone Senning operations, while 66.7% occurred among those who underwent ASO (n= 1). While 66.7% (n= 2) of the mortality was due to low cardiac output, 33.4% was due to sepsis (n= 1). Conclusion: There is still no absolute consensus on the timing of surgical intervention in cases of TGA. ASO can be performed in cases with an increased need for ECMO and acceptable mortality among patients over one month of age. For patients with LV regression, two-stage ASO and atrial switch operations are alternative options.

Aortic root translocation is a surgical choice offering potential advantages for combinations of transposition of the great arteries (TGA), pulmonary stenosis (PS), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Six patients were included in this analysis. All of them were diagnosed with TGA, PS, and VSD and all of them underwent the Nikaidoh procedure. In 2 of these 6 cases (33.3%), aortic translocation was performed on a beating heart. Performing aortic root translocation on a beating heart is probably useful in reducing the cross-clamp time and the mortality rate, as well as preventing coronary malposition.

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a disease characterized by mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Total cholesterol levels >500 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein levels >350 mg/dL are associated with early atherosclerosis. In these patients, the incidence of coronary artery disease is high in the first decade of life, and it often emerges in adolescence. Herein, we present a 14-year-old female with familial hypercholesterolemia who underwent left main coronary artery osteoplasty with a pulmonary autograft due to an incidentally detected osteal stenosis of the left main coronary artery. The patient was discharged without any problems, and no problems were detected during the follow-up.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyse the results of paediatric aortic valve repairs in our institution. Method: The data of 57 patients under 18 years of age who underwent aortic valve repair between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Early postoperative reoperation and hospital mortality rates were evaluated based on the ages of the patients, their preoperative diagnoses, and the surgical techniques used. Survival curves for groups of patients were calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: The rate of reoperation was 14% (n = 8), and there were no significant differences regarding valve pathologies and preoperative diagnoses (p > 0.05). Among the repair techniques, tricuspidisation was considered to be a risk factor for reoperation (p < 0.05). Augmentation, the material used (0.1 PTFE or pericardium), and the number of cusps were not found to have significant effects on reoperation or mortality. The mean follow-up period was 29.86 ± 21.30 months. The survival rates of the patients were 88%, 100%, and 88.2% for those with aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, and mixed disease, respectively, and no significant difference was found when these rates were evaluated with the log-rank test (p > 0.05). The mortality rate was 8.8% (n = 5), and undergoing surgery before the age of 1 year was found to be significant in terms of mortality (p = 0.032, p < 0.05). The bicuspid aortic valve group had the lowest mortality risk, while the Shone complex group had the highest. Conclusion: With its acceptable reoperation and mortality rates, aortic valve repair should be the first choice of treatment in the paediatric age group. Early results were satisfactory in all groups.

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