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The effect of firearm calibre and bullet velocity on head wounds were studied in anaesthetized dogs. Autopsy, radiological and microscopic studies were undertaken. It was found that the injuries inflicted by 7.62 mm ammunition with an impact velocity of 714--798 m/see were generally less severe than those inflicted by 5.56 mm ammunition with an impact velocity of 810 to approx. 1000 m/sec.Effects of low velocity were observed when the 7.62 mm ammunition was used. Typical high velocity effects were noted with the 5.56 mm ammunition. The entrance wound generally corresponded to the size and shape of the projectile. The size of the exit wound was directly proportional to the projectile's impact velocity. Indirect (shock wave) damage to the cranium, brain and, in one case, the atlas was noted.The effects of intra-and extra-cranial projectile fragments were studied together ~vith severe pressure effects in 4 cases.Model experiments were performed to study the pressure effects of the projectiles used. The maximum pressures measured were approximately proportional to the square of projectile velocities.Zusamme~/assung. Es werden experimentelle U~tersuchungen fiber Kopfverletzungen, hervorgerufen durch Gewehrprojektile, an mit Pentobarbital betgoubten Hunden beschrieben. Die Tiere warden nach der Beschie13ung mit Munition verschiedenen Kalibers und Aufschlagsgeschwindigkeit rSntgenologisch untersucht, die makroskopischen and mikroskopischen Befunde beschrieben. Es zeigte sich, daft die Verle~zungen, die durch Geschosse yon 7,62 mm-Kaliber und einer Aufschlagsgeschwindigkeit yon 7 lzl--798 m/see verursacht wurden, im Mlgemeinen weniger schwer sind Ms jene, die von 5,56 mm-kalibrigen Geschossen mit einer Aufschlagsgeschwindigkeit yon 810 bis etwa 1000 m/see herrfihren.Die beobachteten Verletzungen sind sowohl ffir Projektile niedriger wie hoher Aufschlagsgeschwindigkeit charakteristisch. Die Einschul~wunden alter Munitionsarten entsprechen im Mlgemeinen in Durchmesser und Form denen der verwendetea Projektile. Der Durchmesser der Ansschuftwundert nahm mit der Aufsch]agsgeschwindigkeit des Projektils zu. Indirekte Verletzungen des Schiidels, Gehirns und in 1 Fall des Atlaswirbels durch die Druckwelle des Geschosses wurden ebenfalls beobachtet.In 4 F/~llen fanden sich schwere, durch Druckwirkung yon Projektilsplittern hervorgerufene GewebszerstSrungen.In Modellversuchen wurde nachgewiesen, daft die entstehenden Maximaldrficke etwa dem Quach.at der Geschol~aufschlagsgeschwindigkeit proportional sind.

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The methods applied in the determination of the cyclic endometrial changes are based on the papers by HITSCHMANN and ADLER 23 -Actn Obstet. et Gynecol. Vol. XXVII. Fasc. 4. 340 BERTIL FALCONERand later CLAURERG, KAUFMANN, WERNER and COLLIER, and others, demonstrated that these two hormones have a particular influence upon the human endometrium. The relation of the cyclic endometrial changes to ovarian hormones was thus established.About 1930 evidence was brought forward t h a t the ovarian function was largely under the control of the pituitary. Later, the correlated actions of the hypophyseal-diencephalic and the neuro-endocrine systems upon the female reproductive apparatus and all organs related to it, was demonstrated.Since the uterine mucosa so to speak reflects the alternating synergy and antagonism of these organs and organic systems. i t is quite natural that analysis of the endometrium has become an indispensible aid in nearly every gynaecological case. II. Development of the Technique and its Terminology.The first determination of the endometrial phases were made either on extirpated uteri or on curettage material. As knowledge of the importance of subjecting the individual patient to serial examinations increased, the methods of the so-called endometrial biopsies were developed in the nineteen-thirties. In 1930, MARTIX and ELLIS, and a year later GEIST, published each one case, in which they had removed specimens of uterine mucosa through aspiration with the aid of a syringe. In the following years, KINGSLEY and BURCH, further developed this technique though BURCH occasionally still used the ))ordinary cup specimen forceps)). In 1936, RANDALL published the first comprehensive series of cases, in which biopsies were taken with the aid of an instrument, specially deviced for this purpose, which nowadays is known by the name of )>cannula cureti). Later, REIFFERSCHEID, LORINCZ and DAVIS, JACOBY, MEIGS, ROCK, WINKELSTEIN and GENELL, described similar instruments, which they used alternatively with or without an aspiration-device.At the Department of Women's Diseases of Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, )Exploratory curettage)) (GENELL) was first performed together with aspiration (suction curettage). In recent years, however, this operation was made with the aid of the GENELL curet without applying aspiration. This procedure is definitely