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The working conditions created by the Covid-19 pandemic have been proven to amplify frontline nurses’ desire to leave their profession in recent years; thus, exploring new causing variables is vital. This cross-sectional study examined role demands’ direct and indirect effects on turnover intention through compassion fatigue and tested the various dimensions of spiritual leadership as moderators on the relationship between compassion fatigue and turnover intention. A total of 527 valid responses were collected from frontline nurses working in designated hospitals across Zhejiang province in China using a survey questionnaire. The outcomes from the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that role demands positively and significantly impacted turnover intention and compassion fatigue. Besides, compassion fatigue significantly and positively affected turnover intention and mediated its relationship with role demands. However, vision and altruistic love moderated the relationship between compassion fatigue and turnover intention, which was not true for the dimension hope/faith. This study’s findings are a steppingstone for medical firms’ managers and policymakers in demonstrating the likelihood of frontline nurses developing turnover thoughts arising from ambiguous and conflicting roles and the emotional strain from patients’ burdens. Furthermore, an exemplary implementation of spiritual leadership could help enhance nurses’ sense of calling and membership, essential in embracing the organization’s vision and achieving its goals.

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