Background: Stimulation of inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) will initiate to release free radicals in destroying bacteria. Excessive free radicals can damage cells in the body. Antioxidants as one of the body's defense systems will neutralize existing free radicals. Chitosan from Haruan scales in addition to being antimicrobial turned out to also be antioxidants. Objective: To know the antioxidant potential of chitosan from haruan (Channa striata) scales. Methods: This study is a pure experimental (true experimental design) with a post-test only with control group design using two treatment groups, with quantitative tests to calculate the amount of antioxidant activity of chitosan from fish scales using DPPH radical reduction method. The first treatment is 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm standard ascorbic acid concentration with DPPH solution as positive control, and the second treatment is 200, 250, 300 and 350 ppm chitosan from Haruan scales concentration with DPPH solution. Results: The results showed that chitosan from Haruan fish scales have antioxidant activity with 50.513% percentage of inhibition at a maximum concentration of 350 ppm with an IC50 value of 356.98 ppm. The results of the independent T-test showed that there was a significant difference between the inhibition percentage of chitosan from haruan fish scales and the inhibition percentage of ascorbic acid (p = 0,000) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Chitosan from Haruan fish scales proved to have antioxidant activity.Keywords: Antioxidants, Chitosan, Haruan fish scalesABSTRACTBackground: Stimulation of inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) will initiate to release free radicals in destroying bacteria. Excessive free radicals can damage cells in the body. Antioxidants as one of the body's defense systems will neutralize existing free radicals. Chitosan from Haruan scales in addition to being antimicrobial turned out to also be antioxidants. Objective: To know the antioxidant potential of chitosan from haruan (Channa striata) scales. Methods: This study is a pure experimental (true experimental design) with a post-test only with control group design using two treatment groups, with quantitative tests to calculate the amount of antioxidant activity of chitosan from fish scales using DPPH radical reduction method. The first treatment is 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm standard ascorbic acid concentration with DPPH solution as positive control, and the second treatment is 200, 250, 300 and 350 ppm chitosan from Haruan scales concentration with DPPH solution. Results: The results showed that chitosan from Haruan fish scales have antioxidant activity with 50.513% percentage of inhibition at a maximum concentration of 350 ppm with an IC50 value of 356.98 ppm. The results of the independent T-test showed that there was a significant difference between the inhibition percentage of chitosan from haruan fish scales and the inhibition percentage of ascorbic acid (p = 0,000) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Chitosan from Haruan fish scales proved to have antioxidant activity.    Keywords: Antioxidants, Chitosan, Haruan fish scales.

Background: Aggressive periodontitis is a disease that is mostly suffered by young patients with minimal local factors. The prevalence of this disease is approximately 8% in Indonesia, where Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria are presented as dominant bacteria in this disease. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative bacterium that is sensitive to flavonoids. Ramania leaves are natural substances which contain flavonoids. Flavonoids in ramania leaves can be applied as an antibacterial substance. Objectives: The objectives of this research are to determine and analyze the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of flavonoids extract from ramania leaves at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, and analyze the antibacterial effectiveness on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: True experimental design with pre and post-test with control group design was applied in this study. Antibacterial test using broth and agar dilution method was performed in a total of 5 treatment groups with 6 repetitions. Results:  All exract at 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% concentration demonstrated the ability to inhibit bacterial growth, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was found at 0.5% concentration. Result test for One way ANNOVA on minimum inhibitory concentration and Kruskal wallis test on minimum bactericidal concentration exhibited significant value of less than 0.05 presenting significant differences in some groups. Conclusion:  Minimum inhibitory concentration of ramania leaves flavonoid extract is effective on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at the concentration of 0.1% and minimum bactericidal concentration of ramania leaves flavonoid extract is more effective at the concentration of 0.5%.Keywords: Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, Aggressive Periodontitis, Dilution Method, Flavonoids, Ramania Leaves.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with periodontal disease and considered as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Periodontal disease can be divided into gingivitis and periodontitis. Age, gender, blood glucose level, and duration of diabetes mellitus were considered as risk factors of gingivitis and periodontitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence and relationship between age, sex, blood glucose level, and duration of diabetes mellitus with gingivitis and periodontitis. Method: This study used a literature review research type. Data search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Literature screening based on the inclusions and continued with article selection. The selected literature is then extracted, analyzed, and synthesized. Results: A total of 38 articles selected because they match inclusion and exclusion criteria which using the keywords diabetes mellitus, risk factors, gingivitis, periodontal disease, periodontitis, and prevalence; published in 2011-2020; written in Indonesian or English; available in full text; and not duplication. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus experience more periodontitis. Age, sex, and duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, Gingivitis, Periodontal Disease, Periodontitis, Prevalence, dan Risk factors.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Diabetes melitus berhubungan dengan penyakit periodontal dan dianggap sebagai faktor risiko penyakit periodontal. Penyakit periodontal secara umum dapat dibedakan menjadi gingivitis dan periodontitis. Usia, jenis kelamin, kadar glukosa darah, dan durasi menderita diabetes melitus dianggap sebagai faktor risiko kejadian gingivitis dan periodontitis. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi dan hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, kadar glukosa darah, dan durasi menderita diabetes melitus dengan kejadian gingivitis dan periodontitis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian literature review. Pencarian sumber data dilakukan menggunakan PubMed, Google Scholar,  dan Science Direct. Screening literature berdasarkan inklusi dan dilanjutkan dengan seleksi artikel. Literature yang telah dipilih kemudian diekstraksi, dianalisis, dan disintesis. Hasil: Terdapat 38 artikel yang dipilih sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yaitu menggunakan kata kunci diabetes melitus, faktor risiko, gingivitis, penyakit periodontal, periodontitis, dan prevalensi; dipublikasi tahun 2011-2020; ditulis dalam Bahasa Indonesia atau Inggris; tersedia dalam bentuk full text; dan bukan duplikasi. Kesimpulan: Pasien diabetes melitus lebih banyak mengalami periodontitis. Faktor risiko seperti usia, jenis kelamin, dan durasi menderita diabetes melitus berhubungan dengan kejadian gingivitis dan periodontitis. Kata kunci : Diabetes melitus, Faktor risiko, Gingivitis, Penyakit periodontal, Periodontitis, dan Prevalensi.

Latar belakang. Anak dengan down syndrome adalah anak yang mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan mental. Keadaan rongga mulut pada anak down syndrome adalah penyakit periodontal       dan karies gigi. Banjarmasin dikenal dengan kota seribu sungai yang merupakan wilayah lahan basah. Kandungan air lahan basah bersifat asam dan mengandung bakteri Streptococcus penyebab karies. Kebiasaan menggunakan air lahan basah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dapat meningkatkan prevalensi karies gigi.   Tindakan yang dapat dilakukan selama pandemi covid dengan memberikan edukasi video animasi interaktif Dental Helath Education (DHE)  sebagai parent     education program karena orangtua merupakan pusat edukasi pertama dalam mendidik anak. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh parent education program menggunakan video DHE bagi anak terhadap pencegahan karies gigi selama pandemi covid. Metode. Penyuluhan menggunakan video animasi DHE bagi anak down syndrome dalam pencegahan karies gigi selama pandemi covid. kegiatan pengabdian bekerjasama dengan yayasan PIK POTADS (Persatuan Orang Tua dan Anak Down Syndrome) wilayah Kalimantan Selatan yang dihadiri oleh orang tua dengan anak down syndrome sebanyak 48 peserta yang dilaksanakan secara online, sebagai penguatan kembali mengenai penyuluhan, para orang tua diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner setelah pemberian video penyuluhan tersebut, Hasil. Didapatkan kategori baik terhadap parent education menggunakan video animasi DHE terhadap kesehatan gigi dan mulut dalam pencegahan karies gigi selama pandemic covid-19.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by bacterial colonization of dental plaque. Bacteria that play a role in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of mouthwash that reduce the number of P.gingivalis colonies is chlorhexidine 0.2%. Long term use of chlorhexidine 0.2% can cause some side effects to the oral cavity, so we need an alternative mouthwash from natural ingredients that can reduce the side effects of chlorhexidine 0.2%. Ulin bark extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin which can be an alternative base for mouthwash besides chlorhexidine 0.2%. Purpose: It is to analyze antibacterial effectivity of ulin bark extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: This study was using true experimental research and post-test only with control group design, that used 9 treatment groups with 4 replications, that were 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations, chlorhexidine 0.2%, and sterile aquadest against P. gingivalis. The total samples were as many as 36. Result: One Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Games Howell tests showed that the average absorbance values has a significant difference, then Kruskall Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney tests showed the number of colonies with significant differences. MIC in this study was at 5% concentration and MBC was at 20% concentration.. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract with 40% concentration has an absorbance value equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 20% concentration has a bactericidal effects equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine against the growth of P.gingivalis.Keywords:Antibacterial, Dilution method,Porphyromonas gingivalis, Ulin Bark Extract.