Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease in animals. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD, its serotypes, and associated risk factors. A total of 389 sera samples were collected from cattle in four districts of the northwestern Amhara region and subjected to a 3ABC enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. The overall seroprevalence of FMDV was 5.66% (22/389); (95%; CI: 3.34–7.98%). The 22 positive samples were subjected to solid-phase competitive ELISA to identify specific serotypes. The occurrence of FMD was higher in Adet (OR = 12.8), greater in the semi-intensive than extensive production systems (OR = 10.4), and highly occurred in the crossbreed than in local breed cattle (OR = 3.56). Serotypes identified in the four districts were type O, SAT2, and A. This study revealed that FMD is a prevalent and endemic disease. Thus, awareness creation among the stakeholders on the control and prevention of disease is required. Further epidemiological investigation and vaccine trials should be conducted.

No abstract

Introduction:Plants are widely used in traditional medicine because they contain a high concentration of antimicrobial agents, serving as the foundation for medicines.The aim of this study was preliminary identification of phytochemicals and assesses the antimicrobial activity of extracts of Ferula communis root bark.Methods: Plant was collected, and standard qualitative procedures were conducted.The plant samples were extracted with 99.9% methanol and 80% ethanol. To identify phytochemicals found in plants, a preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed.Agar diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. Result:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanol and methanol extract revealed positive results for flavonoids, coumarins and tannins. Terpenoids and anthraquinones were detected only in the methanol extract. The extract of Ferula communis showed an antibacterial effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. The average zone of inhibition for gram-positive bacteria was 11 mm, whereas for gram-negative bacteria, it was 9 mm.The MIC and MBC values also varied with the type of bacteria. In all bacterial species tested, the mean MBC value was similar to the MIC. Conclusion:Different phytochemicals were detected in extracts of the root bark of F. communis and extracts showed antibacterial effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, further purification and evaluation of the extracts and antioxidant activity of the plant should be investigated.

No abstract