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Identification is integral to mentoring relationships, yet we know relatively little about the process through which mentors and protégés identify with each other, how this mutual identification shifts through the phases of the mentoring relationship, and how identification impacts the quality of the relationship over time. In this paper, we integrate theories of the self, relationships, and relational mentoring to consider the role of identification in informal mentoring. Specifically, we theorize how the process of personal identification occurs in mentoring from the perspective of both the mentor and protégé and offer a model that demonstrates how shifts in identification relate to the quality of the relationship that develops over time. We conclude with a discussion of implications for research and theory in mentoring.

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Recent research shows that most fathers today seek roles that are much more integrated and engaged with the lives of their families than fathers in previous generations. However, society in general, and workplaces in particular, have been slow to adapt to these new fatherhood roles. This situation causes increased work–family conflict for fathers and leaves them in a situation in which their aspirations are often inconsistent with their realities. Although these changes are beginning to be noted, existing research in the work–family field has focused much more on the issues women face in integrating work and family than it has on the issues facing men. This predominantly gendered approach to work and family integration has a number of deleterious effects on both men and women, and also inhibits moving this critical conversation forward. This chapter reviews the current state of research on work–family issues for men and suggests areas for additional research.