There was no significant sex-specific trend, maintaining the higher frequency among women. The prevalence of hypertension increased progressively with age and was higher among adults with lower education (0 -8 years of study). The South was the only region that showed a statistically significant increasing trend for the years between 2006 and 2011 (15% per year).

BackgroundNoncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors increase the risk of adverse reproductive health outcomes and are becoming increasingly common in Brazil.MethodsWe analyzed VIGITEL 2011 telephone survey data for 13,745 Brazilian women aged 18–44 years in a probabilistic sample from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. We examined associations between NCD risk factors (fruit and vegetable intake, leisure time physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, BMI and hypertension status) and race, education, and insurance using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models, estimating the average marginal effects to produce adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRs). Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.3 survey procedures and weighted to reflect population estimates.ResultsWomen with less than a college education were more likely to report physical inactivity (adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence interval = 1.1 (1.1–1.2)), smoking (aRR = 1.7 (1.3–2.2)), and self-reported diagnoses of hypertension (aRR = 2.0 (1.6–2.5)) compared to women with a college education or greater. Similarly, women without health insurance were more likely to report physical inactivity (aRR = 1.1 (1.1–1.2)), smoking (aRR = 1.4 (1.1–1.8)), and self-reported diagnoses of hypertension aRR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)) compared to women with health insurance. Less variation was found by race and NCD risk factors.ConclusionTargeted public health strategies and policies are needed to increase healthcare access and decrease educational and racial disparities in NCD risk factors among women of reproductive age in Brazil.

WHO predicts that w2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese by 2015. Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns in Mexico, reaching epidemic proportions among adults, adolescents and children in recent years. According to data from the most recent National Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NNHES, 2006), Mexican youth have experienced a 7.7% increase in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity (overall prevalence rate of 26.3% for both, NNHES, 2006). This study examined trends in overweight and obesity prevalence based on body mass index of the nutrition freshmen attending Veracruzana University from 2007 to 2009. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 271 nutrition freshmen attending classes during academic years 2007, 2008 and 2009, which represented 86% of overall sampling frame. BMI was grouped into 4 categories with the corresponding adolescent percentiles as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and American Academy of Paediatrics and used to determine age-and sex-specific prevalence rates for overweight and obesity. Appropriate institutional ethics committee clearance and participants' informed consent were obtained. BMI-based nutritional classification showed an overall prevalence rate of 15.86% overweight and 3% obesity among freshmen for three academic years. The higher prevalence rates were 21% of overweight for 2007 and 4% of obesity for 2009. This study highlights the higher prevalence rate of overweight and lower prevalence rate of obesity among University youth and suggests an observed trend comparable to the NNHES. Objective To describe the risk and protection factors for noncommunicable diseases with data from Surveillance System through telephone interviews (Vigitel) in 2009. Methodology The prevalence of main risk and protection factors were estimated in adults ($18 years old), by telephone interviews in a probabilistic samples of population covered by landline telephones in Brazilian state capitals and federal district, stratified by sex, age and level of education. Results Data from 54 367 adults were collected. Risk factors like smoking, overweight, soft drinks and fat meat consumption and alcohol abuse were more prevalent in men, young adults and people with lower education level. Men were more active in leisure time and consume more beans than women. Poor self-rated health and self reported diagnosis of hypertension and dyslipidemia, however, were more prevalent in women. Vigitel 2009 results reinforce the trend in decrease of smoking and increase in overweight in Brazil. Conclusion Telephone surveys are useful to provide timely information with less cost, making it an important tool to assess risk and protection factors for chronic diseases and health promotion actions. SP1-107

accidental deaths (eg, violence, suicide and trauma). There is no apparent evidence of reduced mortality from CVD among lightto-moderate drinkers. Conclusion Among Chinese adults aged 40e79 there was a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and overall mortality.