Objective The validity of resident self-assessment of competence in neonatal resuscitation skills has not been studied. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that residents are accurate in self-assessment of basic delivery room resuscitation and bag-and-mask ventilation (BMV) skills by comparing resident self-assessed performance with assessment by observers. Study Design We conducted a prospective repeated measures observational study. After each delivery residents and observers completed 13-question standardized assessments evaluating resident performance. Results A total of 99 paired assessments were completed by 36 residents. Residents competently performed and identified correct versus incorrect performance of basic resuscitation steps. Residents were less competent in recognizing the need for BMV and were unable to self-assess BMV-associated performance accurately. In multivariable analysis, only basic resuscitation steps versus BMV were significantly associated with accurate self-assessment. Conclusion Pediatric residents are less competent at performing advanced neonatal resuscitation skills and are unable to accurately self-assess performance of skills essential for neonatal resuscitation. Key Points

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