Gentamicin is commonly used against gram-negative microorganisms. Its therapeutic use is mainly limited by nephrotoxicity. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of rutin on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with saline intraperitoneally (group I), 150 mg/kg of rutin orally (group II), 80 mg/kg of gentamicin intraperitoneally for 8 d (group III), or 150 mg/kg of rutin plus 80 mg/kg of gentamicin (group IV). The serum urea, creatinine, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and protein concentration were measured, and renal histopathology analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Rutin pretreatment attenuated nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin by reducing the urea, creatinine, and MDA levels and increasing the SOD, CAT, and GPx activity, and the GSH levels. The rutin also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cleaved caspase-3 and light chain 3B (LC3B), as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining. The present study demonstrates that rutin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects and that it attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Bedding material, which is a significant part of rodent housing, affects the health and well-being of laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate perlite as a bedding material for rodents and to compare it with wood shavings, expanded perlite and corncobs. The animals used in this experiment were 48 male and 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats. The bedding materials collected from experimental groups were analysed microbiologically. Blood samples from rats were subjected to biochemical analysis for catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide and dismutase, and foot pad skins of rats were subjected to histopathological examination. Body weight was determined at the end of the 30-day period. Perlite as the only bedding material had no effect on body weight, and it resulted in less microbial activity compared with the wood shavings, expanded perlite and corncobs. However, using perlite alone had negative effects on the skin, the moisture percentage of bedding and stress parameters. A wood shavings-perlite combination gave better results than perlite alone and appropriate perlite and other bedding material mixtures may result in bedding materials conducive to animal health and welfare. The frequency of changing the bedding material should be limited to once weekly.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a cutaneous reaction principally induced by drugs. Spontaneous resolution is observed in most patients. However, severe cases required systemic corticosteroid administration. Hydroxychloroquine, which is used to treat some dermatologic and rheumatologic diseases because of its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, is an uncommon cause of AGEP. A 67-year-old female patient presented with severe AGEP due to hydroxychloroquine treatment. She was recalcitrant to supportive care and systemic corticosteroid treatment butwas successfully treated with cyclosporine. Hydroxychloroquine-induced AGEP occurs in women with underlying rheumatologic diseases, has a longer latent period, and has a severe course usually requiring systemic treatment.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementing laying hen diets with different percentages of black tea factory waste (BTFW), evaluating performance, egg quality, yolk oxidation, and blood parameters. Twenty-four-week-old Lohmann layers (n=144) were divided into six dietary treatment groups (24 hens each), which were fed standard commercial diets supplemented with 0% (control), 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% BTFW for 12 weeks. In this study, increasing BTFW levels were associated with impaired linearly feed consumption, final body weight, shell strength, shell weight, shell thickness, and increased cracked egg yield. The results showed a quadratic effect on albumen index, haugh unit score, and a cubic effect on feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, yolk color due to the BTFW supplementation into layer diets. Whereas, shape index and yolk index were not affected by BTFW. In response to increasing BTFW percentage, yolk MDA values were decreased following storage for 14 and 28 days, but not 56 days. Plasma cholesterol, HDL, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were not influenced by BTFW. Increasing BTFW percentages led to linear increases in serum albumin and total protein, quadratic increases in triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase, and decreases in glucose (quadratic) and alkaline phosphatase (cubic). Results from present study showed that supplementing laying hen diets with 2% and 4% BTFW resulted in strong antioxidative activity without adverse effect on laying performance, quality characteristics, and blood parameters. In addition, more than 4% BTFW had deleterious effects on performance and egg quality traits, due to high tannic acid content. Keywords ÖzetBu çalışma fabrika siyah çay atığının (SÇFA), farklı seviyelerde yumurta tavuğu yemlerine ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi, yumurta sarısı oksidasyonu ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 24 haftalık yaşta 144 adet beyaz Lohmann yumurta tavuğu her grupta 24 hayvan olacak şekilde 6 gruba ayrılarak, ticari yumurta tavuğu yemine; %0 (Kontrol), %2, %4, %6, %8 ve %10 düzeylerinde fabrika siyah çay atığı ilave edilerek oluşturulan rasyonlarla 12 hafta süre ile beslenmişlerdir. Çalışmada, SÇFA'nın artan seviyesiyle birlikte, yem tüketimi, deneme sonu canlı ağırlığı, kabuk ağırlığı, kabuk kalınlığı, kırılma mukavemeti linear olarak azalmış, hasarlı yumurta oranı linear olarak artmıştır. Rasyona SÇFA ilavesinin haugh birimi ve ak indeksi üzerine kuadratik, yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta sarı rengini üzerine kübik etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın, şekil indeksi ve sarı indeksi değerleri ise rasyona SÇFA ilavesinden etkilenmemiştir. 14 ve 28 gün depolanan yumurtaların MDA değerleri rasyona artan seviyede SÇFA ilavesiyle birlikte azalırken, 56 gün depolanan yumurtaların MDA değerleri etkilenmemiştir. Diyetsel muamelenin plazma kolesterolü, HDL ve aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Artan SÇFA'nın seviyesiyle birlikte ser...

Although many methods have been developed in order to reduce the negative effects in laying hens reared at high cage density, researches on effects of dietary supplementation of oregano (Oreganum syriacum L., OEO) essential oil as a feed additive to the diets are extremely sparse. This study investigated the effects of OEO and caging density on performance parameters, egg quality criteria, some blood biochemical parameters, blood antioxidant capacity, and intestinal histopathology of laying hens. We used 276 white Lohmann laying hens aged 38–40 weeks in the experiment. The animals were divided to positive control (600 cm2 hen/cage, PC), negative control (360 cm2 hen/cage, NC), negative control+ 200 mg/kg OEO (NC+O2), negative control+ 400 mg/kg OEO (NC+O4), and negative control+ 600 mg/kg OEO (NC+O6). In this study, it was determined that egg weight and egg shell weight increased at higher caging density, but they did not change with dietary supplementation of OEO. In addition, the plasma calcium and phosphorus decreased with the higher caging density and dietary supplementation of OEO. Supplemented OEO to the diets of the laying hens reduced lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant capacity and intestinal histopathology of laying hens. As a result, it was determined that OEO decreased the negative effects of high caging density. While this positive effect was found to be at a maximum dose at 400 mg/kg of OEO, it was determined that a dose of 600 mg/kg of OEO had a toxic effect, if even numerically.