Background: The data related to the neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are limited. The frequency of the neurologic manifestations and the risk factors in the development of these symptoms are not clear. Objectives: We aimed to determine the exact frequency of the neurological symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 and to identify the risk factors for the development of neurological manifestations. Materials and Methods: We included pediatric Covid-19 patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Ankara City Hospital between March 22 and June 1, 2020. Neurological findings were questioned by interviewing the patients and their families and detailed neurologic examinations were performed within protection measures. Results: A total of 312 pediatric patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Sixty-six participants (21.15%) showed neurologic symptoms during COVID-19. Headache was the most common neurologic symptom and present in 14% ( n : 44) of the cases. The other neurologic symptoms were myalgia ( n : 30, 9.6%), anosmia/hyposmia ( n : 6, 1.9%), ageusia ( n : 2, 0.6%), and vertigo ( n : 1, 0.3%). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( P = 0.002) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ( P = 0.001) were significantly elevated in patients with neurological symptoms when compared to the patients without the symptoms. Conclusions: Physicians should be alert to the neurologic involvement of COVID-19 disease in children. NLR and PLR ratios could have a predictive value for the development of neurological manifestations.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the demographic, clinical features of children and adolescents with headaches which is one of the most common reason for referral to pediatric neurology clinics in addition to elucidating the frequency of primary and secondary headaches as well as their management. Material and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical reports of children and adolescents who were referred to Ankara City Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurology between December 2019 and December 2020.Results: During the study period, 236 (86.8%) children, and adolescents were diagnosed with primary headaches and 36 (13.2%) were diagnosed with secondary headaches. Tension headaches were the most frequent (71.2%) type of primary headaches while headache or facial pain attributed to disorders of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure were the most frequent (38.8%) type of secondary headaches. All patients with secondary headaches had at least one red flag while 23 (63.8%) patients had 2 or more red flags. Magnetic resonance imaging was diagnostic in 58.3% of the patients while EEG was diagnostic in 6% of the patients. Conclusion:Pediatric patients presenting with headaches should be carefully examined to diagnose and treat the causes of secondary headaches which can be life-threatening and require urgent treatment. On the other hand, accurate diagnosis is very important in primary headaches which constitute more than 80% of all headaches and have detrimental effects on life quality as a result of refraining from daily activities.