Telangiectasias of the lower extremities can be successfully treated with either synchronized long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser or sclerotherapy. The 1064-nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser is associated with more pain and is suitable especially in case of needle phobia, allergy to sclerosants and in presence of small veins with telangiectatic matting, while sclerotherapy can also treat the feeder veins.
Imiquimod 5% is approved for topical treatment of actinic keratosis (AKs), superficial basal cell carcinoma and condylomata acuminata, the 3.75% formulation for the treatment of AKs and genital warts. Imiquimod has also been used off‐label in various other skin conditions (eg, Bowen's disease, lentigo maligna, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia). As a toll‐like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist imiquimod induces a local inflammatory response by increased production of cytokines, co‐stimulatory molecules, activation of Nk‐cells and antigen‐specific T‐cells. In addition to imiquimod‐associated adverse effects at non‐application sites such as fever, vertigo or myalgia there have been anecdotal reports of distant inflammatory mucosal reactions—a side effect not declared in the medicinal product information. In this scoping review we collected a total of seven cases of patients with lesions of the oral mucosa and lips and summarized pathophysiological hypotheses to explain this type of side effect. The review is complemented with an illustrated report of a 87‐year‐old female patient of ours suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who developed severe oral mucosal and labial reactions following application of imiquimod 3.75% for treatment of AKs. She denied accidental transfer of imiquimod and was tested negative for herpes simplex virus (PCR) and bacteria (culture) from lesional swabs.
ZusammenfassungEs werden zwei Patienten vorgestellt, die wegen eines Asthma bronchiale bei beruflichem Kontakt mit Ceftriaxon abgeklärt wurden. Bei beiden trat innerhalb von Minuten nach Anlegen eines Pricktests mit Ceftriaxon eine adrenalinpflichtige, anaphylaktische Reaktion auf. Systemische Reaktionen auf Hauttests mit Betalaktamantibiotika sind relativ selten, sie können auch bei Patienten mit vorausgegangenen milden Symptomen wie Urtikaria oder beruflichen Kontaktallergien auf Betalaktame auftreten. Als Risikofaktoren werden schwere Anaphylaxien in der Anamnese und ein kurzes Reaktionsintervall genannt. Eine korrekte Durchführung der Hauttests mit Titration und eine adäquate Überwachung sind zu beachten.
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