Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between postprandial hyperinsulinemia with three anthropometric markers of adiposity; body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage (BFP). We carry out a retrospective observational study reviewed medical records of 752 patients who attended outpatient endocrinology, no previous diagnosis of metabolic disease, but with a family history of metabolic risk in the period 2012 to 2014. We collected demographic, anthropometric measurements (BMI, WHR, and BFP) and postprandial insulin values (quartiles 1, 2, 3 and 4) between 30 to 60 minutes into oral glucose tolerance test. For testing the association between anthropometric measurements and postprandial insulin quartiles, we use a univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression model. The measure of association is presented as relative prevalence ratio (PR) with confidence intervals (CI) at 95%.The mean age was 37.5 years ± 14.8 and 66% of the participants were women. In the univariate analysis using quartile 1 as references, quartiles 3 and 4 were associated with BMI, WHR and BFP. In multivariate analysis, quartiles 3 and 4 remained associated with markers of adiposity. BMI; PR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.10 to 1.22) and PR = 1.25, 95% CI (1.19 to 1.32) for quartiles 3 and 4; respectively. WHR; PR = 3.25, 95% CI (2.17 to 4.87) and PR = 5.85, 95% CI (3.76 to 9.10) for quartiles 3 and 4 respectively. BFP; PR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.05 to 1.12) and PR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.10 to 1.18) for quartiles 3 and 4; respectively.In conclusion, the diagnosis of obesity must be carried out using the combination of measures of adiposity in order to evaluate the total fat content and distribution of body fat.