Counselor trainees identified factors they believed to be relevant to their willingness to disclose mistakes in clinical supervision. Qualities related to the supervisory relationship, in particular a feeling of mutuality, were found to be most important. Two measures developed by the Stone Center indicated a significant relationship between self-disclosure and perceptions of mutual empathy and mutual empowerment. The study was conducted with 75 pastoral counseling students who reported high levels of both mutuality and self-disclosure in their supervisory relationships. This finding contrasts with previous research on other trainee populations. Participants were from two different types of counseling programs, but results related to mutuality and the supervi-

The authors examined the impact of outpatient counseling on clients' psychological symptoms and on their image of God.Thirty participants in a counseling treatment group and 68 participants in a no-treatment control group completed the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Adjective Checklist at 2 separate times. Counseled participants experienced significant reductions of psychological symptoms over the course of treatment whereas the control group showed no changes. Furthermore, ratings of God's agreeableness significantly increased (toward compassion) for clients in the treatment group, whereas no such changes were noted for the control group. eology and psychology have similar goals for human health and wellbeing. Both propose that a person live to her or his fullest poten-T" tial by developing self-understanding. Theologians include understanding God as a part of this human development potential.Personal development of the self also constitutes development of the experience of God: loss of self-identity is also a loss of the experience of God. These are two aspects of one and the same history of experience. (E. Johnson, 1992, p. 65)Historically, however, theology and psychology have been alienated from one another. Freud fueled this schism, maintaining that religion was the universal neurosis that relieved individuals' sense of helplessness by relying on an invented exalted father figure (Freud, 1913(Freud, /1953. Theologians viewed psychology as anti-God, and psychologists viewed theologians as lacking in scientific understanding (Hood, Spilka, Hunsberger, & Gorsuch, 1996). Several theorists challenged Freud's views, resulting in the alienation of psychology and theology (

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