The Sierpinski gasket fractal concept is used on a microstrip antenna in this paper. A self-similar property of fractal geometry is used, which is based on an iteration algorithm that reaches up to third iterations. It is simulated using the HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) software package version.15. A designed antenna is used to improve antenna performance, such as increasing bandwidth to 980 MHz and reducing the return loss from − 31.97 to − 23.4 dB. To excite the proposed antenna, a microstrip line feed is used. Up to 27% fractional bandwidth has been achieved in the antenna. This antenna can be used for a variety of wireless applications, including Marine radar and some communication satellites such as (Wireless LAN, Bluetooth, microwave devices/communications, and cell phone), as well as the lower portion of C-band.

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The narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna is one of its key drawbacks. This work shows how a dual-layer stacked and parasitic arrangement, together with the effect of fractal designs, can provide wide bandwidth and high gain qualities in a microstrip patch antenna. For wideband applications, the proposed antenna design in stacked construction has a total bandwidth of 750MHz for S11 -10dB. In order to reduce the antenna size, the Sierpinski square carpet fractal is used. This antenna exhibits a lower resonance frequency due to the space-filling property of fractal geometry. The resonance frequency of this patch antenna drops as iteration and iteration factors rise, according to experimental results. Wideband functioning is achieved with a size decrease of 70.1%. The proposed antenna design exhibits a 6.98dB gain. These qualities of wideband and higher gain make the proposed antenna an excellent one for wideband applications.

In this paper, miniaturization of fractal geometry with defected ground structure (DGC) concept has been experimentally verified at S-band (2–4) GHz. The design starts with a self-symmetry structure using conventional Vicsek snowflake-box fractal antenna. The same has been used in third iteration to achieve miniaturization. This proposed microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is resonating at 2.12 GHz with acceptable gain and broadside radiation. The miniaturization of about 87.26% when compared to conventional fractal MPA is achieved. The fractal unit cell is optimized for miniaturization and bandwidth by carrying out parametric study and applying the DGS shapes like rectangular and U-shaped slot etched in the ground plane of Vicsek snowflake-box fractal microstrip antenna. A fractal microstrip antenna is designed for wireless applications at 3.95 GHz. The fractal microstrip antenna is simulated using HFSS-V15 simulator. It is observed that the maximum size reduction of 87.26% is achieved in the third iteration of the Vicsek snowflake-box fractal radiating patch. The proposed fractal patch antenna is designed and fabricated using epoxy substrate of FR-4 with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The simulated results are compared with the measured results.

The narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna is one of its key drawbacks. This work shows how a dual-layer stacked and parasitic arrangement, together with the effect of fractal designs, can provide wide bandwidth and high gain qualities in a microstrip patch antenna. For wideband applications, the proposed antenna design in stacked construction has a total bandwidth of 750MHz for S11 -10dB. In order to reduce the antenna size, the Sierpinski square carpet fractal is used. This antenna exhibits a lower resonance frequency due to the space-filling property of fractal geometry. The resonance frequency of this patch antenna drops as iteration and iteration factors rise, according to experimental results. Wideband functioning is achieved with a size decrease of 70.1%. The proposed antenna design exhibits a 6.98dB gain. These qualities of wideband and higher gain make the proposed antenna an excellent one for wideband applications.