Background: To achieve the goal of Millennium Development Goal 2 (universal education), 3 (gender equality and women empowerment) and, 5 (improving maternal health), it is important that there is effective menstrual hygiene and knowledge among adolescent girls since it has direct and indirect effects both to achieve the MDG and to promote the reproductive health. A study was carried out among the school going adolescents in UHTC (Urban Health Training centre) and RHTC (Rural Health Training centre) area of Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan with the following aims and objectives, Status of knowledge of school going adolescent girls about menstruation and their practice during menstruation. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstruation among school going adolescents.Methods: It was a school based descriptive cross sectional study conducted from November 2016 to March 2017. The school was selected randomly in RHTC and UHTC area of GMC, Kota. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used. Data was entered, processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: In this study there were 300 girl students (150 each from RHTC and UHTC area schools), of which 55.33% had menarche at the age of 13 years, 66.00% of girls were aware about menstruation before the menarche whereas 91.67% of girls heard about the sanitary napkins, most of the girls (81.00%) had got the knowledge about menses from their mother, 62.67% of girls heard about the menstrual hygiene and for practices observed, 65.67% girls were using sterilized sanitary napkins and 42.00% of girls burn the waste material. Conclusions: Traditional beliefs regarding menstruation still persist and menstrual hygiene among the adolescents was found to be unsatisfactory. It highlights the need of targeted interventions to raise awareness and provision of family health education package to all girls. Menstrual hygiene is an issue that needs to be addressed at all levels.

Background: Obesity is one of today’s most neglected public health problems. Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems. Obesity causes cluster of non-communicable diseases and creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden. Methods: School based cross-sectional study was done in Udaipur city of Rajasthan. Simple random sampling method was used to obtain 1000 study subjects. Questionnaire included their general information, factor contributing to overweight and obesity. Results: 500 (50.00%) subjects were from the government schools and 500 (50.00%) from private schools. Among study participants 336 (33.60%), 332 (33.20%) and 332 (33.20%) were from 8th, 9th and 10th class respectively. 8.20% Overweight and 2.40% obesity found among school children. Overweight and obesity was found high in private schools 14.00% as compared to government schools 7.20%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is slightly more in girls 12.60% than boys 8.60%. Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is more than 10% in school children of Udaipur city, The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among girls, among school children’s whose mother were working.

Background: People living in slums are often deprived of health-care facilities and it make them vulnerable to infection like HIV/AIDS. Health education and behavioural changes is pivotal for prevention of  HIV and HIV-related stigma.  Methods: It was community based cross sectional study carried among 288 slum dwellers of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.Results: Out of 288 study subjects (male and females in the group of 15-54 years) 144 (50%) males and 144 (50%) females. Out of 288 study subjects 278 (96.53%) were heard about HIV/AIDS. Out of 249 study subject who were aware about condom, 107 (42.97%) study subjects [74 (56.06%) male and 33 (28.21%) female] were presently using of condom. out of 278 study subject who had ever heard about HIV/AIDS majority 215 (77.34%) subjects got the information regarding HIV/AIDS through TV/cinemaConclusions: Present study shows that the study subjects of slums at Ajmer has inadequate awareness regarding the HIV/AIDS and poor practice of condoms.

Breast milk is a most precious gift from mother to baby. Mother's milk is a complete food of the baby for the first few months of life. 1 Breast feeding is natural physiological and ideal way of feeding the infants. It provides a unique biological & emotional basis for the health and development of the children. 2 Breast milk contains all the nutrients that an infant needs in the first 6 months of life, including fat, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. Breast milk also contains bioactive factors that augment the infant's immature immune system and other factors that help digestion and absorption of nutrients. 3 It provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs and it continues to provide up to half or more of a child's nutritional needs during the second half of the first year, and up to one-third during the second year of life. 4 Breast milk helps in sensory and cognitive development, and protects the infants against infectious and chronic diseases. It has long been recognized that the breast fed infant is better protected against infections and particularly diarrhoeal diseases. 5 Early initiation of breast feeding lowers the risk of postpartum hemorrhage and anaemia in mothers. It boosts mother's immune system and reduces the incidence of diabetes and cancers. 6 Poor feeding practices in infancy and early childhood, resulting in malnutrition, contribute to impaired cognitive and social development, poor school performance and reduced productivity in later life. 7 In India, more than 11 lakh babies die during the first month of life, and another ABSTRACT Background: Children are god gifted to society and we are responsible for every need of children. We can give them proper nourishments, care and good health. Breast milk is optimal food for the new born. Breastfeeding is one of the most important determinants of child survival, prevention of childhood infections. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted at block Phagi, Jaipur, (Raj.), India on 300 mothers having children between 6 months to 24 months of age. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on breastfeeding practices. Results: Out of 300 nursing mothers, majority of the participants 129 (43.00%) were the age group of 18-23 years followed by 118 (39.33%) from 24-29 years of age group. Majority of study participants 110 (36.66%) were illiterate. 156 (52.00%) participants were belonged to V SES. Large number of 188 (62.66%) of infants had pre-lacteal feeds. 202 (67.33%) of children had not Exclusive Breast Fed. Conclusions: This study relived that need to creating an awareness of the demerit of pre-lacteal feeds and advantages of colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding in rural area.

Background: Influenza A (H1N1) is a novel strain of the Influenza virus and is widely known as Swine Flu. It causes a respiratory illness and is very contagious. Symptoms of Influenza A (H1N1) are similar to those of the seasonal flu. First laboratory confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) case of India was reported from Hyderabad on 16th May 2009.Methods: The study was retrospective descriptive, record-based study and carried in deceased of Influenza A (H1N1) who were admitted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2018.Results: A total 1524 suspected cases were screened for Influenza A (H1N1) at JLN Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer during the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. 294 cases were diagnosed as Influenza A (H1N1) positive and 44 died. Majority 25 (56.81%) were belonged to rural area and 30 (68.18%) females died as compare to 14 (31.18%) male.Conclusions: Incidence and mortality is common throughout the year but it more in winter months. Mortality is high in age group of 50 years and above, females and rural area. IEC activities should be throughout year.