Aim: This study aims to find the association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (N-L ratio) of COVID-19 patients admitted in an Indian setting with clinical profile and disease outcomes. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic hit in early 2020 with the presentation of varied severity of acute respiratory illness. This study tries to use N-L ratio as a predictor of adverse outcome. Methodology: The prospective single-center study considered adults patients of both the gender, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. Necessary demographic and clinical data were collected, and selected subjects were followed up until discharge or death. Individuals were classified as those who survived and those who succumbed to death. t-test was used for comparing continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical data for comparing different parameters between the groups. Results: The study included 1977 patients with a male:female ratio of 1:0.62. Fever, dyspnea, and cough were noted as the major symptoms prevalent among patients who succumbed to death when compared to those who survived (P < 0.00001). Statistically significant variables noted between the groups were age, total leukocytes count (TLC), neutrophil, lymphocytes, all the comorbidity variables, and the asymptomatic status. Variables identified as significant predictors of disease outcomes were TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and N-L ratio. Most of the subjects belonging to the mortality group required oxygen and other intensive care unit facilities when compared to the survival group (P < 0.00001). Conclusion: TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and N-L ratio are noted as significant predictors of COVID-19 outcome. The mean days of viral clearance noted in COVID subjects is around 8.98 ± 3.54 days.

Background: SARS‐Cov‐2 is a coronavirus that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease outbreak in late 2019 in Wuhan China. By early 2020, the disease had rapidly spread across the world and was declared a global pandemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The mechanisms behind the behavior of SARS-cov-2 in the elderly include immunosenescence and related impaired antiviral immunity, mature immunity, and related hyper-inflammatory responses. We aim to summarize the clinical features and outcomes of elderly COVID-19 patients and compare the difference between young-old patients (60–74 years old) and elderly-old patients (≥75 years old). Aims and Objective: (1) The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profile of young-old patients and elderly-old COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 389 patients, during the study period from March 2021 to September 2021. Case record form with follow-up chart was used to record the duration of disease, history of treatment, and complications. Patients underwent biochemical investigations. Results: The study includes 389 patients, 331 were not young-old and 58 were elderly-old. Mean age of young-old group 65.01±4.10 years and elderly-old group 80.74±5.35 years. Mortality in elderly-old group (29.3%) and young-old group (15.4%) with significant P=0.02. Comparing inflammatory markers such as total leucocyte count and neutrophil count are more in elderly-old than young-old COVID-19 patients, this difference is statistically significant P<0.005. Conclusion: Elderly patients usually have chronic comorbidities and are likely to have a severe or critically severe condition. They could show atypical symptoms. Elderly-old patients tend to have more complications than young-old patients during hospitalization. Careful nursing, observation, and systemic treatment are very important in elderly patients.

Objectives: The aim of the study was (1) to assess and compare the profile of COVID-19 patients with diabetes and without diabetes and (2) to determine the outcome of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A hospital-based longitudinal analytical study was conducted on a total of 2000 patients in Bengaluru during the study period from August 2020 to July 2021. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study after obtaining informed consent. Patients were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups and inflammatory markers were compared between these two groups and outcome of these patients was noted. Results: Of the 2000 COVID-19 patients included, 358 were diabetics in this study. Mean age of non-diabetic patients was 41.71 (±15.37) years and diabetic patients were 54.37 (±11.95) years. The inflammatory markers such as Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferritin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly high in patients with diabetes compared to the non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that diabetes is a major risk factor and contributes to the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19. Our recommendations are for the strict glycemic control in patients affected by COVID-19 during treatment for the same.