The area of traffic flow modelling and analysis that bridges civil engineering, computer science, and mathematics has gained significant momentum in the urban areas due to increasing vehicular population causing traffic congestion and accidents. Notably, the existence of mixed traffic conditions has been proven to be a significant contributor to road accidents and congestion. The interaction of vehicles takes place in both lateral and longitudinal directions, giving rise to a two-dimensional (2D) traffic behaviour. This behaviour contradicts with the traditional car-following (CF) or one-dimensional (1D) lane-based traffic flow. Existing one-dimensional CF models did the inclusion of lane changing and overtaking behaviour of the mixed traffic stream with specific alterations. However, these parameters cannot describe the continuous lateral manoeuvre of mixed traffic flow. This review focuses on all the significant contributions made by 2D models in evaluating the lateral and longitudinal vehicle behaviour simultaneously. The accommodation of vehicle heterogeneity into the car-following models (homogeneous traffic models) is discussed in detail, along with their shortcomings and research gaps. Also, the review of commercially existing microscopic traffic simulation frameworks built to evaluate real-world traffic scenario are presented. This review identified various vehicle parameters adopted by existing CF models and whether the current 2D traffic models developed from CF models effectively captured the vehicle behaviour in mixed traffic conditions. Findings of this study are outlined at the end.

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AbstractIn this paper, compression, flexural, tensile and abrasion tests are instituted by the addition of Bacillus megaterium MTCC with glass and steel fibers. The fundamental goal regarding this examination assignment is by segregate than apprehend calcite encouraging microscopic organisms yet in conformity with appearing at the reasonableness over these microorganisms because of utilizes among cement in conformity with enhancing its multiplication yet strength. Microorganisms in imitation of remain fused of cement duly after remaining soluble inferior proof by undergoing the high pH on cement and endospore-shaping after standing up to the mechanical anxieties actuated into cement during blending. They must show excessive urease work in conformity with inspiring calcium carbonate as calcite. Bacterial traces had been separated beyond soluble base exams on an embodied manufacturing range yet have been tried for urease movement, the dynamic in conformity with body endospores or precipitation over calcium carbonate. Considering its outcomes, she has been identified so Bacillus megaterium BSKAU, Bacillus licheniformis BSKNAU or Bacillus flexus BSKNAU. The effects have been contrasted Bacillus megaterium yet MTCC 1684 obtained from Microbial Type Culture Collection or bio life LTD, Hyderabad, India. In that trial with the aid of utilizing Bacillus megaterium MTCC1964 (105 cells/ml over blending water) or calcium lactate (5 g/lit) is utilized. The metal filaments 0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, or 1.5 % yet glass strands 0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % and 2.0 % added in accordance with the sure and reckon the stress esteems because 7, 14 and 28 days. In this effect, we watched high-pressure multiplication within glass filaments at 1% than steel strands at 1.5 %. These stage regarding glass strands then steel strands added according to the bacterial strong at to that amount factor discern the strain exorcism because blocks, pliancy because court of justice yet flexural attribute because bars at 7, 14, 28, 60 years old days. we either count the UPV take a look at for shapes and cantrobro take a look at because courthouse at 28 days historic and 60 days. SEM trial is done after discovering the propinquity concerning caco3 among Bacterial cement.

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