A novel high efficient filtration system for heavy metal ion adsorption from water bodies has been developed. It is a costefficient filtration system that removes Pb 2 + and Cd 2 + ions effectively in an efficient manner. Aloe vera fibre that has been alkali-treated and given a thiol functional is stuffed into a porous tube with a packing density of 0.2, and the porous tube is covered with polyacrylonitrile nanofibre. Functionalized aloe vera fibre and PAN nano fibres were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray difractiomatry (XRD), Attenuated total reflection-fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the heavy metal ion removal efficiency of filtration system was examined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the filtering system's ability to remove heavy metal ions. In order to conduct column adsorption tests, the initial metal ion concentration was varied. The breakthrough curves of the trials were then analysed. With the aid of Thomas adsorption isotherm and Yoon-Nelson model, the adsorption mechanism of thiol functionalized aloe vera fibre was thoroughly investigated. The portable filter has the ability to continuously treat waste water, which is a useful function.

Constructing an easily recyclable and reusable filter is highly efficient for removing Cd, Pb2+ and organic contaminants from aqueous solution. This study investigates the optimization of Cd, Pb2+ adsorption process by thiol functionalized Agave americana fibre. Additionally, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibre membrane is used as a substrate to filter the organic contaminants. The properties of adsorbents are characterized by various techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflection- Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), tensile tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The filter’s performance has been investigated with three variables of thiol functionalized fibre packing density, length of the functionalized fibre and nanofibre spinning time. The fibre packing density and nanofibre spinning time are the most significant parameters that affect all responses. The impact of independent variables on responses has been critically analysed. The optimized filter is identified by regression analysis. The developed filter satisfies heavy metal ion adsorption (Cd, Pb2+) and organic contaminants.

Abstractα-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation technique using ferric and ferrous salts and potassium hydroxide as precipitation agents. The samples were calcined at 350 °C, 550 °C and 750 °C for 3 hours. The obtained iron oxide was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Crystallinity of the sample was studied by X-ray diffraction. SEM micrographs showed nonuniform size distribution of the particles forming agglomerates. TGA analysis revealed trace amount of weight loss and material stability for the samples calcined at temperatures above 500 °C. DLS results indicated that increasing of annealing temperature resulted in reduction of the particle size and more uniform size distribution. At the maximum annealing temperature of 750 °C, the mean diameter of the particles of 100 nm was observed.

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