Background: The sustainable development goal target is to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than 35 million lives so far. The objectives of the study were to find out the pattern of socio-demographic profile among HIV sero-positive patients attending ICTC centre in SVIMS, Tirupati and to study the risk behaviour pattern among HIV sero-positives.Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study was undertaken at ICTC Centre, SVIMS, SPMC (W), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. The records of data of all the HIV sero-positive attendees who attended the ICTC from January 2013 to June 2018 were included as study subjects. Records maintained were noted in proforma containing socio-demographic characteristics of HIV seropositive patients. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 23.00.Results: Majority of sero-positives were illiterates, married, daily wage labourers from rural area, in 20 to 60 years age group. Transmission was predominantly through the heterosexual route (96.1%). 68(54.4%) males and 63(72.4%) females were sero-concordant while 57 (45.6%) males and 24 (27.6%) females were sero-discordant.Conclusions: There is need to carry out intense IEC activities for behavior change at grass root levels. Low literacy and limited access to health facilities should be addressed.

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INTRODUCTIONThe cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden of India is expected to double in the next two decades, making it the single largest cause of death and the second largest cause of disability by the year 2020.1 Obesity is one of the modifiable risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. 2Prospective epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between overweight or obesity and cardiovascular morbidity, CVD mortality.3 Obesity is strongly related to major cardiovascular risk factors, such as raised blood pressure, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Meta-analyses of RCTs have shown that a weight-reducing diet, combined with exercise, produces significant weight loss, reduces total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, increases HDLcholesterol, and improves control of blood pressure and ABSTRACT Background: Obesity has become a chronic disorder affecting the larger population than any other disease in the world in both developed and developing countries, which lead to both increase in mortality and morbidity. Aim of the study was to study the Central obesity prevalence as cardiovascular risk factor in rural population. Methods: A total of 734 subjects aged 30 years and above of both sexes were selected for the study. Results: Very high prevalence of central obesity was found in males 27.6% compared to that in females 6.1% and the difference is also statistically significant. Subjects with Stress had higher prevalence of central obesity compared to those with no stress 15.4% and the difference is also found to be statistically significant. Subjects with current smoking had higher prevalence of central obesity 25.8% than non-smokers 15.2%. Similarly, subjects with current alcohol intake had higher prevalence (28.8%) than those who were not taking alcohol currently (14.1%). The differences in both the situations are statistically significant. Higher prevalence was found in those with physical exercise (32.8%) than those who do not perform regular physical exercise (13.5%) and the difference is also found to be statistically significant. It is found that the prevalence of medium and high risk was found to be significantly higher in males (41.8%) than in females (5.5%). Conclusions: Obesity is major health hazard leading to both increases in mortality and also major risk factor in other non-communicable diseases. Prevention of obesity should begin from early childhood itself. Early detection can prevent the incidence of major complications. Lack of awareness is found to be major factor which should be stressed upon.

Background: Influenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by influenza virus, of which there are 3 types- A, B and C. All known pandemics were caused by influenza A strains. The objectives of the study were to study the awareness of H1N1 influenza (swine flu) among rural population and to examine the association between socio demographic variables and awareness of H1N1 influenza (swine flu).Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the three villages of Chittoor district (Amudala Kona, Rupalanaik Thanda, Kothakadapalli) where health camps were conducted. A total of 167 rural adults were interviewed who attended the camps.Results: Majority of the study participants were illiterates (50.3%).Only 59 (35%) participants previously heard about the disease H1N1 influenza (swine flu). Majority of them 26 (44.1%) didn’t knew the cause of swine flu. Media was the most common source of information (76.3%). Only 49.2% of participants were aware about transmission of disease. Majority of them were not aware i.e. 36 (61%)regarding treatment and investigation availability for H1N1 influenza (swine flu), but only 15.3% people were aware about the vaccine availability for the disease.Conclusions: Overall awareness regarding H1N1 flu was low among rural adults. Low awareness denotes poor mass media coverage in rural community. As most of the participants are illiterates, use of TV and mass media as an effective media to dissipate information must be utilized to maximum. Awareness generated by health staff is not significant. Health workers at primary level should be equipped with knowledge and skills in order to create awareness and organize Health education sessions in all areas which can be made more effective by involving Public Health Professionals to develop communication messages.