<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intrathecal isobaric ropivacaine 0.75% with fentanyl, 10 mcg vs isobaric ropivacaine 0.75% alone for caesarean section.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred patients were considered eligible for the study of which one hundred and sixty-eight patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia and were included in the study. Parturient to ASA physical status I-II scheduled for caesarean section were randomly selected for the study and are divided into group of 84 each.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant difference in sensory block duration at T₁₀ (min) and total duration of analgesia (min) in both groups. This difference between two group’s was not significant. Adverse Effects in group RF 5 (5.9%) patients had hypotension and 2 (2.3%) bradycardias in group R 3 (3.5%) patient had hypotension.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. Total duration of analgesia and sensory block duration at T₁₀ was significantly shorter with ropivacaine (with saline) compared to ropivacaine with fentanyl.</p>

Background: The aim of this study determines the efficacy of lignocaine lignocaine with dexamethasone used topically in form of oropharyngeal pack in reducing postoperative sore throat (POST), hoarseness and throat irritation.  Methods: This retrospective study total of 70 adult patients included in the lignocaine and dexamethasone (LD) group. LD group patients received combination of 5 ml lignocaine 2% and 2 ml (8 mg) dexamethasone in oropharyngeal packing.Results: There is no significant difference in age, gender, and American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. There was no significant difference the studied group in term of measured hemodynamic indices Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Post extubation incidence of mild sore throat was occurred in patients 11 (31.4%) at 30 min, 13 (37.1%) at 2 hours, 6 (17.1%) at 6 hours, and 5 (14.2%) at 5 (14.2%). Moderate sore throat and severe sore throat was not present. Hoarseness of voice was present only 4 (11.4%) at 30 min. There was significant deference in throat irritation. A decrease in incidence of hoarseness was also seen in group LD.  Conclusions: In LD group a positive benefit is seen in form of reduction of POST, hoarseness and throat irritation helping in better recovery of patients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of propofol and ketamine in pediatric and adult patients undergoing diagnostic radiological procedure (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan).  Methods: A comparative observation study conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore, Department of Anesthesiology after approval from Institutional ethical committee. The duration of this study was April 2019 to May 2020. Group KP: Inj. combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) with bolus dose of 0.50 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg respectively in initial 10 min followed by infusion at the rate of 0.05 ml/kg/hr till the completion of imaging.Results: The mean age was 11.55±2.80 in children and 31.34±2.43 in adult. Mean weight of patients were 30.54±8.86 in children and 60.21±10.45 in adult. Gender distribution (male:female) were 24/16 and 26/14 children group and adult group.  Conclusions: We found that the combination of ketamine (ketofol) and propofol to be safe and well tolerated in pediatric patients and adult patients undergoing diagnostic radiological procedure (MRI and CT scan).

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epidural analgesia as a central nuraxial technique which involves use of local anesthetics injected into the epidural space to produce a reversible loss of sensation and is the one of the most common regional technique used for lover abdominal and lover limb surgeries epidural analgesia provides excellent pain relief for surgical procedures below the umbilicus. This study compared the efficacy of epidural dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in addition to 0.2% ropivacaine for post-operative analgesia in elective abdominal surgeries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total of 150 patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II between 20-60 years, undergoing major abdominal surgery were included in this study. The patients divided in three groups of 50 patients each. First group R (ropivaciain 0.2% 9 ml with 1ml normal saline) second group RF (ropivacain 0.2% 9 ml with fentanyl 1 ml) and third group RD (ropivaciain 0.2% 9 ml with dexmedetomidine 1 μ/kg).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There is no significant difference in age, weight, sex, and ASA grade in all three groups.</p><p class="abstract">Hypotension was observed in 4 (8%) patients of R group, 2 (4%) in RD group and 4 (8%) in RF group. The shivering was present in 2 (4%) R group and 2 (4%) in RD group.  Nausea, vomiting was present in R group 2 (4%) and 2 (4%) in RF group. There was no significant difference between the three groups with respect to hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant to ropivacaine through epidural route when compared to fentanyl for providing early onset prolonged post-operative analgesia, sedation and stable hemodynamic parameters in intra-abdominal surgeries.</p>

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