BackgroundIn the maxillary aesthetic zone, the symmetry and proportions of hard and soft dental tissue play a crucial role. A dental practitioner should have a thorough knowledge of parameters such as crown length (CL), crown width (CW), zenith point, and gingival angle (GA) to perform teeth restorations. This study aims to assess the anterior hard and soft tissue parameters and determine the crown shape and its correlation with the gingival parameters of young adults' anterior teeth. MethodsIn the study, 110 patients were assessed and divided into two groups: Group I with 55 females and Group II with 55 males. Using a calibrated vernier caliper, the following parameters were calculated: crown width (CW)/crown length (CL) ratio, gingival angle (GA), distance from the lateral incisor (LI) to the gingival aesthetic line (GAL), interdental papilla height (PH) between the two central incisors (CI), distance between the central incisor (CI) and the lateral incisor (LI), and distance between LI and canine. ResultsStatistical analysis of data was performed using the independent samples t-test (P<0.05). The mean value of CW, CL, CW/CL ratio, and GA, along with the distance from LIs to GALs and PHs of the anterior teeth, were lower in females than in males. The correlation between the GA and the CW/CL ratio indicated that higher GAs and CW/CL ratios give teeth a square appearance. Moreover, a lower GA and CW/CL ratio will make teeth appear round or narrow. ConclusionThe present study concluded that the mean values of hard and soft dental tissue parameters are higher in males than in females. These values can be used to restore functional aesthetics in accordance with the results of a local population and could help form restorative, aesthetic, and cosmetic procedures while maintaining focus on the size and shape of teeth and the level of gingiva at various significant treatment stages.

Objective The main objective of the study was to compare two different remineralising materials containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, bioactive glass on enamel surface microhardness. Materials and Methods Thirty premolars were used for specimen preparation. Group 1 (the control group) consisted of intact enamel samples, group 2: CPP-ACPF (Tooth Mousse Plus), group 3: bioenamel remineralising gel (Prevest DenPro). All specimens were subjected to demineralisation except the control group, followed by which remineralising agents were applied. A universal hardness tester was used to assess the surface microhardness of all samples. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA test and comparison was analysed using Scheffe’s post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test. Results Both remineralising agents used in groups 2 and 3 have shown significant outcome in terms of improving the surface microhardness in comparison with the control group. Group 2 increased the enamel hardness by 8.34 where P = 0.023 whereas group 3 increased the hardness by 5.87, where P = 0.01. Conclusion Group 2 has a superior hardness value than group 3; however, no statistically significant results were obtained between both the groups.

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Objective: This study aims to investigate and compare the establishment of dentinal cracks during root canal preparation using a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and methods: Sixty removed human mandibular premolars were separated into three groups of 20: two experimental and one control. Within the randomized controlled experimental groups, root canals were constructed. Group I: the Waldent walflex file and Group II: the Trunatomy (TRN) file. Group III: the control group received no preparations. The surfaces of the roots were checked for dentinal cracks using a stereomicroscope and SEM following sectioning at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. The Chi-square test was used to examine the data. Results:​​​​​​ In the control group, no fissures appeared. Cracks in Waldent Walflex were almost 66.7% between the 3mm and 6mm range. At both the 6 mm and 9 mm levels, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Defects were found to be substantially higher in the apical region of samples than in the median and coronal sections. Conclusion: Dentinal fissures were created by every rotary file used in the tests. There were more flaws in the Waldent Walflex file group than in the Trunatomy file group.