Background. Serum magnesium levels affect the concentration of circulating vitamin D in blood and subsequently it affects the immunity; thus it plays significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Asthma, in adults, is less studied and hypomagnesemia along with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common in asthmatic individuals, which causes frequent asthma attacks, respiratory infections, severe exacerbations, and poor response to bronchodilators. Objective. To detect the magnitude of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and serum magnesium levels among asthmatic patients and to correlate them with the severity of asthma. Materials and Methods. This is a cross-sectional case-control study which includes 60 patients of chronic stable asthma and 60 healthy controls. After taking clinical history and systemic examination, pulmonary function test was done. Serum levels of magnesium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], and calcium were measured in all the subjects. Results. Significant correlation was found between vitamin D deficiency, hypomagnesemia, and asthma severity. Serum calcium levels were unaffected by that. Conclusion. Vitamin D and serum magnesium deficiency are highly prevalent in patients with asthma. Increased asthma severity, frequency of attacks, and exacerbation are associated with lower levels of one or both. Serum 25(OH)D and magnesium levels may serve as important markers of asthma severity.

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Introduction: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Anemia is common among those with diabetes and chronic kidney disease and greatly contributes to patient outcomes. Observational studies indicate that low hemoglobin levels in such patients may increase risk for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Objective: 1. Estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hemoglobin level in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

2. To determine the prevalence of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without chronic kidney disease.

Methodology: This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study carried out in Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara. A total no of 100 consecutive patients were enrolled; 25 patients having Diabetes, 25 patients having diabetes and chronic kidney disease, 25 patients having only chronic kidney disease but no diabetes and 25 patients neither having diabetes nor chronic kidney disease taken as a control group.

Results: Anemia was present in 37% diabetic patients, 17% in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease, 3% in patients with only chronic kidney disease. Anaemia was significantly higher in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease and diabetes with chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion: Anemia was more prevalent in persons with diabetes and diabetes associated with chronic kidney disease compared to persons without diabetes. Therefore anemia may be particularly harmful in individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Correction of anemia may have a significant role in prevention of other diabetic complications.

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