Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease. The major symptom of Knee Osteoarthritis Are Pain Decreased Range of Motion and Functional impairment. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of backward cycling and forward cycling in subject with Knee Osteoarthritis. The traditional protocol for treating knee osteoarthritis shows inability to treat the pain, function and range of motion at primary level of treatment. This can eradicate the drawback of generalized protocol. Method: The subject assessed thoroughly would be divided in three group. Group A would be given Conventional Treatment and Forward Cycling. Group B would be given Conventional Treatment and Backward Cycling. Group C would be given only Conventional Treatment. Treatment Duration for all three groups would be for 4 weeks. Then improvement would be evaluated in pain, Function and ROM by taking Post data. Then Pre-and Post data would be compared for final Conclusion. Conclusion: According to the present study the alternative hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. Which suggest that backward cycling proves to manage the symptoms efficiently than forward cycling and single handed conventional protocols.

The position and motion of the scapula are closely interrelated with motion of the arm to accomplish most of the shoulder function. The scapula plays many roles in normal shoulder function which requires control of static and dynamic position of scapula. For maintaining the good kinematics of the scapula and the surrounding structures, the movement of the scapula must be synchronized. The dynamic muscle function is the major method by which the scapula is stabilized and purposefully moved to accomplish its role. Alteration of normal positioning of the scapula can lead to altered biomechanics of the shoulder as well. When there is weakness in scapulae musculature, the normal scapular position and mechanics gets altered leading to scapular dyskinesis. Scapular dyskinesis can also reduce rotator cuff strength and increase the rotator cuff strain. The study was carried out to find the correlation between scapular dyskinesis and endurance of the rotator cuff muscles in non-symptomatic individuals with scapular dyskinesia. Around 900 non-symptomatic subjects aged 18 to 25 years of both the genders from different colleges and hostels from Ahmedabad were assessed for the presence of scapular dyskinesia. Out of these about 402 subjects were found to have scapular dyskinesis. Those non symptomatic young adults were scanned for the presence of the scapular dyskinesis with the help of Modified Lateral Scapular Slide Test (MLSST). The subjects with scapular dyskinesis were included in the study, the type of dyskinesia was also ruled out. The subjects were than assessed for the strength of the rotator cuff muscles by using hand held dynamometer. The 25% weight of the best of three reading of strength of external rotation was given to assess the endurance of the rotator cuff in modified base position. The time holding an isometric contraction in modified base position was recorded in seconds. The correlation between the scapular dyskinesia and the endurance of the rotator cuff was analysed. The results suggest that amongst 402 subjects, there is significant but weak correlation between scapular dyskinesis and endurance of rotator cuff muscle in both dominant and the non-dominant arm. Key words: Scapular dyskinesis, Endurance, Rotator cuff Muscles, External Rotation .

Osteoarthritis is a chronic and degenerative disease, with disease prevalence increasing with advancing age. Higher BMI is a significant risk factor for OA in weight bearing joints. Balance is an integral component of Activity of Daily Living. Obese individuals have more stable postural balance but may still experience difficulty in dynamic balance. Impairment in balance capacity raises the risk of falls for obese individuals. Impairment in components of mobility and balance affect functional activity of person. Materials and Methods:90 Knee osteoarthritis subjects that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria and written informed consent was taken. Dynamic balance and functional activity were measured by SEBT score and WOMAC score respectively. Results:The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation of SEBT and WOMAC with different BMI groups and ANOVA for comparison of SEBT and WOMAC within and between groups. It was found that there were no significant correlation of Body Mass Index(BMI) on dynamic balance and functional activity in persons with osteoarthritis of knee. Conclusion:It is concluded that dynamic balance and functional activity in subjects with OA have no statistical significant difference in different groups of BMI. So, BMI does not have any correlation with dynamic balance in subjects with OA knee as well as BMI does not have any correlation with functional activity in subjects with OA knee. But, Clinically subjects with higher BMI shows reduced dynamic balance and functional activity compared with normal and overweight individuals.