Ventilatory capacity has been measured in 675 Nigerian colliery employees classified in three groups according to occupation: coalface workers, other underground workers with low exposure to dust, and surface workers in administrative and clerical jobs. Men with current respiratory symptoms were excluded, as were ex-miners. The faceworkers were a slightly older group who smoked less, and they were presumed to be more active.

Background: Gastric carcinomas are the fifth most common cancer worldwide and cause the second most common cancer-related deaths. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/Neu)(c-erbB2) protein overexpression in gastric cancer has been correlated to poor outcomes and a more aggressive disease. Targeted therapy against HER-2/Neu has attracted much attention recently. Comprehensive data regarding Her2neu expression in gastric carcinoma in Southeast Asia shows highly variable results and often lacks standardization. Aim/Objective: In this study, we study the expression of HER-2/Neu marker in lower esophageal and gastric carcinoma and compare it with various clinicopathological parameters and are known to have prognostic significance. Methods: One hundred and fifty cases of gastric/gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (intestinal type) were included in the study over 2 years, and immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate Her2neu expression. Scoring was done according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline, and the finding was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: The age of patients ranged from 41 years to 80 years. Gastric tumors were more common in the age group 61–70 years with mean age of 65.5 years. Gastric tumors are more common in males than females. (M:F = 3.16:1) Most common type of specimen received was partial gastrectomy (38%). Anorexia (46%) and pain abdomen (46%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Gastric tumors were common in tubular subtypes (76%) followed by mucinous subtypes (16%). Most common histopathological grading was moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (64%). Most gastric tumors were located at antropyloric area of the stomach (42%). The highest frequency of cases presented at an tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage that is pT2N2Mx (32.3%). Her2neu expression was found to be score 0 in most (62%) cases, only 10% of cancers were positive (3+), 14% were equivocal (2+), and another 14% were 1+ (negative). When we correlated clinicopathological parameters such as age, sex, tumour site, gross appearance, size, depth of invasion, TNM stage, Lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion etc. with HEr2neu expression; no statistically significant correlation was found. Conclusion: Overexpression of HER-2/Neu in gastric carcinoma can help to identify patients with reduced survival and to identify eligible candidates for targeted therapy. A larger sample size and follow-up for a longer period might shed more light on the role of the above markers in gastric carcinoma.

Cutaneous granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon benign mesenchymal neoplasm of skin constitutes 0.5% of all soft-tissue tumors, presenting as slowly growing papule or nodule. Familial cases and congenital GCT have been reported to be associated with multiple lesions. Classic GCT is usually S-100 and CD 68 positive. Here, we report the case of a 16-year-old male patient presented with a 2-year history of slowly growing firm, nontender, nodular masses all over the body without any lymphadenopathy. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections show histological picture of GCT, but it is CD-68 positive and S-100 negative on immunohistochemistry. Due to its rare immunohistological feature, we are presenting this case. Documentation and reporting of such aberrant cases are necessary for further study on actual origin of these tumors which may aid for better management in future.

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