Solar energy is renewable energy with infinite amounts and low emissions. The work of the solar panel is affected by the increase in its working temperatures. In this study, 50 Wp polycrystalline solar panel with and without soybean wax placed on backplate solar panels using PCM container as a passive cooling system were simulated on the solar simulator with variations in light intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2, 900 W/m2, 1000 W/m2, and 1100 W/m2. The blower was simulated the ambient wind in the surrounding area constantly. The PV panel temperature simulation approach was carried out to determine the error in the experimental results. The simulation obtained the average temperature at 1100 W/m2 intensity of PV panels with and without soybean wax PCM 56.8℃ and 48.6℃, respectively. The experiment show that PV applied with soybean wax as a passive cooling system can reduce the maximum PV temperature at 1100 W/m2 intensity from 60.7℃ to 54.7℃ and increase its maximum efficiency by 0.42% at 900 W/m2 intensity. Soybean wax cooling system has proven to be effective in reducing PV temperature. The error values from the simulation and experimental results of PV panels with and without PCM are 6.9% and 12.61%, respectively.

Solar energy is a clean, abundant, and low-emission renewable energy source. Photovoltaic (PV) technology can convert solar energy into electrical energy; however, it still has a poor output efficiency since high temperatures can lower PV efficiency. Phase Change Materials (PCM) can absorb latent heat, which can be applied to PV as a passive cooling system. In this study, 50 wp PV was treated without and with PCM as a passive cooling system to determine the PV performance. This study compares three PCM types: soy wax, paraffin, and beeswax. Utilizing the PV-PCM panel temperature modeling technique, the inaccuracy in the experimental data was ascertained. According to the simulation, soy wax, paraffin, and beeswax PV panels had average temperatures of 48.6℃, 45.8℃, and 42.6℃, respectively, at an intensity of 1100 W/m2. The experimental results show that PCM beeswax is the best in reducing the working temperature of PV from 60.7℃ to 52.5℃ at an intensity of 1100 W/m2. The results showed that PV with PCM beeswax treatment as a passive cooler could increase the maximum PV output power of 3.04 Watt and the maximum efficiency of PV by 0.94% by lowering the maximum temperature of PV by 8.2℃ compared to PV without a cooling system.