No abstract

The study aimed to compare and evaluate the accuracy of iPex, Root ZX mini, and Epex Pro Electronic apex locators (EALs) in diagnosing root perforations in both dry and in different wet conditions: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods: Thirty extracted, human single rooted mandibular premolars were artificially perforated with a diameter of 1.5 mm in middle third of root. Actual canal lengths (ALs) in millimetre (mm) were evaluated for all teeth up to perforation location, and alginate mould were used to embed the teeth. After this, the electronic measurements were calculated by all EALs up to perforation site using a 20 K-file in both dry and wet canal conditions. Up to the perforation sites, the ALs were subtracted from the electronic length. Statistical analyses were done using One-way ANOVA with post hoc tukey's test for pairwise comparison and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: All three EAL's detected canal perforations which were clinically acceptable. There was significant difference for dry and wet conditions. Most accurate measurement were seen in dry canals for all three EALs. Root ZX mini in dry condition showed most accurate reading and there was a significant difference when compared with other groups. No significance difference was observed in iPex and Epex Pro Apex locator, and between NaOCl and CHX, CHX and EDTA. Conclusion: Perforations were determined within a clinical acceptable range of 0.03-0.05 mm by all three EALs. Root ZX mini in dry canals gave most accurate measurement. The presence of irrigating solution influenced the accuracy of all the apex locators.

As the expression of an antiapoptotic marker (XIAP) increases, the expression of a proliferative marker (Ki-67) also increases from benign to malignant SG tumours. Thus, targeted therapy of XIAP may play a future role in the management of SG malignancy.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is the most common chronic, progressive and irreversible potentially malignant disorder with high probability of malignant transformation (MT). From a clinical as well as the histological point of view, establishing and understanding the molecular nature of malignant transformation mechanism in OSF is almost important. The majority of genetic alteration caused by exogenous and endogenous mutagens is restored by the cell’s ability by DNA Damage Response (DDR). DDR mechanism dysfunction is one of the leading causes of MT. In OSF, this investigation remains scare. Objectives: To determine the DDR molecules expression (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53) in subjects with habit of arecanut and tobacco without OSF, OSF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with OSF and compare and quantify the expression among them. Methodology: Material and Methods: 90 subjects with 30 individuals in one of the three groups would be included in the given study. Group A: Subjects with habit of arecanut and tobacco without OSF. Group B: Patients with OSF. Group C: Patients having OSCC with OSF. DDR molecule (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53) expression will bequantified by RT-PCR. The expression levels will be analyzed using SPSS software version 17 using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc comparisons using Tukey’s HSD and Categorial data will be analysed using the chi-squared test. Expected Results: The OSF lesion prone for development of OSCC, DDR markers (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53) will accumulate before the development of p53 mutation resulting in OSCC Conclusion: Thus, the present study assess and quantify DDR-related molecules (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53)in OSF patients suggesting the potential benefit in the prevention of OSCC due to early therapeutic exploitation of DDR.

Background:The purpose of this study to evaluate and compare the magnesium concentration in blood plasma and saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma, potentially malignant disorders and health subjects to serve as a positive marker or indicator in the process of carcinogenesis. Materials and methods:The study consisted of 30 cases each of oral squamous cell carcinoma, potentially malignant disorders and healthy subjects of age and sex matched. The estimation of magnesium in blood plasma and saliva was carried out by colorimeter by using titan yellow method.Results: There was significantly low concentration of magnesium in blood plasma of oral squamous cell carcinoma was noted as compared to potentially malignant disorders (p = 0.000) and healthy subjects (p = 0.000). However, there was no significant difference in magnesium concentration between potentially malignant disorders and healthy subjects. Conclusion:The magnesium concentration was low in both blood plasma and saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma as compared to potentially malignant disorders and healthy subjects. Thus the magnesium concentration in blood plasma and saliva could be considered as tumor marker, playing an important role in carcinogenesis. Future studies should be carried out for further clarification.