Introduction: Plantar Fasciitis (PF) is one of the most common chronic degenerative foot condition associated with pain in the bottom of the foot (enthesiopathy), encountered by an orthopaedic practitioner. Various treatment options have been implicated and it has been frustrating problem for both patients and treating doctors. Very limited studies are available showing the variable effects of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), the autologous conditioned plasma, in human tissues. Aim: To determine the role of PRP in the management of patients with PF. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics in collaboration with blood bank in SRM Medical College and Hospital, Potheri, Chengalpet district, Tamil Nadu, India, between November 2017 to April 2019. In this study, 70 patients with PF were treated with single dose of local injection of 3 mL autologous PRP. These patients were assessed for pain relief using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). In addition ultrasonographic evaluation of thickness of plantar fascia was done six months after treatment. The statistical analysis of each clinical outcomes was analysed individually, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Statistical significance was done with student's t-test and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients in this study was 38.8±4 years. There were 39 (55.7%) female and 31(44.3%) male patients in the study. The mean symptom duration from the approximate onset of symptom to the study enrollment was 7±2.3 months. The statistically significant reduction in VAS score from the baseline and reduction in thickness of plantar fascia was observed in the study. FAAM score also gradually improved from mean 32.05±8.20 at baseline to 60.97±8.94 after 24 weeks with mean difference of 28.92. Conclusion: The present study observed that PRP is potentially effective and safe treatment option for long term relief of PF

Introduction: H.pylori is the most common infection leading to gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal lesions. Few studies had studied about H.pylori’s effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance and found that H.pylori is associated with increase in mean Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and insulin resistance. But few studies have found no association between H.pylori and glucose metabolism. Aim: To determine the relationship between H.pylori infection and glucose metabolism profiles in dyspeptic patients, based on the histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre from April 2021 to September 2021 on 70 dyspeptic patients. They were split into two groups: H.pylori positive (Group-I, n=35) and H.pylori negative (Group-II, n=35) groups. The age and gender of Group-I were matched with Group-II. Endoscopic gastric biopsy was taken and tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and Immunohistochemical (IHC) stain using H.pylori (Clone: EP279) rabbit monoclonal antibody. Blood samples were collected to test Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and insulin. Insulin resistance was calculated using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR). Histomorphological changes and H.pylori colonisation were graded according to Updated Sydney System and correlated with HOMA-IR levels. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. Results: There was no significant variation between H.pylori positive and negative groups in demographic variables such as age (p-value=0.45) and gender (p-value=0.23). Body Mass Index (BMI) and H.pylori infection showed statistically significant association (p-value=0.04). Increase in mean values of FBG, insulin and HOMA-IR were statistically associated with H.pylori positive (p-value<0.05). Degree of H.pylori bacterial density (rs =0.2992), chronic inflammation (rs =0.3193), activity (rs =0.4576) and atrophy (rs =0.2542) were positively correlated with HOMA-IR. Conclusion: This study showed that chronic active gastritis with atrophic related changes and H.pylori colonisation were significantly correlated with HOMA-IR. Patients with H.pylori induced gastritis should be followed with regular monitoring of HOMA-IR; as early diagnosis and eradication of H.pylori might reduce the risk of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism dysregulation.

Branchial cleft cyst is an embryogenic anomaly of branchial apparatus usually occurring in the lateral aspect of the neck. Very few cases of intrathyroidal cystic lesion of branchial cleft have been reported in English literature so far. The patient was a 42-year-old female who presented to the Otorhinolaryngology department with anterior neck mass. The serology revealed elevated antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Fine needle aspiration done in an outside hospital was reported as an epidermal inclusion cyst. Radiology examination of the neck was suggestive of infected fourth branchial cleft cyst. Left hemithyroidectomy was done. On histopathology examination, branchial cleft cyst within the thyroid parenchyma exhibiting features of autoimmune thyroiditis and secondary degenerative changes was noted. This rare case is reported to emphasize multiple-site fine needle aspiration in heterogenous thyroid lesions along with radiological correlation for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

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