Mature cystic teratomas are usually benign, however malignant transformation occurs rarely. It is identified in only 0.17-2% of cases. Malignant cells can arise from cell of any type, but most common malignant transformation found to be squamous cell carcinoma (80% cases) followed by adenocarcinoma. While neural tissue is identified in nearly 80% cases of mature cystic teratomas, neuroectodermal tissue with malignant transformation is the most exceptional event. There is minimal data available on primary neuroectodermal tumours of ovary, majority are astrocytoma of different grades, only few cases were reported in the literature so far. Authors report a extremely rare and unique case of pilocytic astrocytoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma in a pregnant female. A 33-year-old pregnant female in her first trimester came for regular antenatal visit, Ultrasound (USG) abdomen and pelvis single live intrauterine gestation corresponding to 10 weeks and incidental complex right ovarian cyst likely to be mature cystic teratoma. Patient underwent right ovarian cystectomy five months after normal vaginal delivery and provisional diagnosis was given as complex right ovarian dermoid cyst. Final detailed histopathological examination revealed a tumour with glial tissue within the cyst, reported as pilocytic astrocytoma {World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1} arising in mature cystic teratoma. To the best of authors’ knowledge this is the third case showing pilocytic astrocytoma component in ovarian teratoma and the first case of this entity occurring in a pregnant female. Authors present an unusual case where radiology gave preliminary diagnosis however, extensive histopathological examination, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry helped in definite diagnosis.

Background: Breast cancer ranks first among cancer in urban population of India, and 2nd most common in the rural population. Proliferative activity acts as an adjunct and gives prognostic importance in breast cancer. However, the best method for measurement of proliferative rate is controversial. The aim was to evaluate the association between PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI) and Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) and their correlation with histological grade.Methods: Seventy cases of simple and Modified Radical Mastectomy specimens with the diagnosis of carcinoma breast were included in the study. H&E stained sections were examined for assessment of histological grade. IHC scoring was done for the markers Ki-67 and PCNA. Correlation of PCNA with Ki67 and tumor grade was performed.Result: 18 specimens were grade 1 tumors, 36 cases were grade 2 and 16 were grade 3. 90.0% of tumors were positive for PCNA index and Ki-67 positivity was observed in 85.7% cases, median and mean values of PCNA and Ki67 were 52.0, 51.64+/-37.475, and 24.50, 26.17± 24.183 respectively. Final score was divided into low and high index using median value as a cut off. Ki-67 LI showed strong positive correlation with histological grade (p=0.0001). PCNA LI showed positive correlation with histological grade (p=0.041) but no correlation was observed with Ki-67 LI (p=0.232) Conclusion: PCNA marker cannot substitute Ki67 but may be used as an additional marker to assess proliferative activity along with other markers. It may be useful to categorize subgroups with different grades of proliferative activity due to its easy applicability and assessment techniques