Endothelial dysfunction is a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk. Resveratrol is known to improve endothelial function in animals, however, clinical trials are limited. We hypothesized that the acute trans-resveratrol supplementation improves endothelial function in treated hypertensive patients with endothelial dysfunction. Twenty-four hypertensive patients between 45 and 65 years-old with baseline endothelial dysfunction were enrolled in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Individuals received either a single dose of trans-resveratrol (300 mg) or placebo and were crossed-over after a one-week washout period. Blood pressure (BP) measurements, aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were performed before and 1.5 hours after the intervention. FMD was significantly increased in women (4.2 ± 0.5 vs 7.1 ± 1.3%, p = 0.026) but not in men (4.4 ± 0.9 vs 4.9 ± 0.8%, p = 0.588) in the trans-resveratrol group. There was no statistical difference between baseline and final values of brachial BP and also no changes in aortic SBP. Patients with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol had better FMD response to trans-resveratrol than patients with lower LDL cholesterol (7.4 ± 1.2 vs 4.3 ± 1.0%, p = 0.004). Our study demonstrated that the acute supplementation of trans-resveratrol promoted an improvement in endothelial function, especially in women and those with higher LDL-cholesterol, despite no changes in BP. List of Abbreviation: Aix: augmentation index; AP: augmentation pressure; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body Mass Index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; FRS: Framingham Risk Score; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NO: nitric oxide; SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TG: triglycerides.

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