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Background:The chemical characterization is essential to validate the pharmaceutical use of vegetable raw materials. Ultraviolet spectroscopy is an important technique to determine flavonoids, which are important active compounds from Ocimum basilicum.Objective:The objective of this work was to optimize a spectrophotometric method, based on flavonoid-aluminum chloride (AlCl3) complexation to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC) in leaves of O. basilicum (herbal material), using response surface methodology.Materials and Methods:The effects of (1) the herbal material: Solvent ratio (0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.08 g/mL), (2) stock solution volume (0.8, 2.3, 4.4, 6.5, and 8.0 mL) and (3) AlCl3 volume (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 mL) on the TFC were evaluated. The analytical performance parameters precision, linearity and robustness of the method were tested.Results:The herbal material: Solvent ratio and stock solution volume showed an important influence on the method response. After choosing the optimized conditions, the method exhibited a precision (RSD%) lower than 6% for repeatability (RSD%) and lower than 8% for intermediate precision (on the order of literature values for biotechnological methods), coefficient of correlation of 0.9984, and no important influence could be observed for variations of the time of complexation with AlCl3. However, the time and temperature of extraction were critical for TFC method and must be carefully controlled during the analysis.Conclusion:Thus, this study allowed the optimization of a simple, fast and precise method for the determination of the TFC in leaves of O. basilicum, which can be used to support the quality assessment of this herbal material.

The oral solid dosage forms are extremely relevant to drug therapy and responsible for much of the pharmaceutical industry turnover worldwide. However, the development of medicines in solid form involves significant challenges, including obtaining formulations with appropriate bioavailability for low aqueous solubility drugs (classes II and IV of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System). One of the most effective strategies to overcome poor dissolution rate and low absorption of drugs is the solid dispersion technique, however, although it has been the focus of much research in recent decades, there are relatively few commercially available products based on such technology. This is mainly due to problems related to production scale-up and physicochemical instability and creates opportunities for new studies to explore the full potential of the technology. This review presents an overall approach to the factors affecting the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of BCS-classes II and IV drugs and a brief review of the state-of-the-art of solid dispersion technology.