The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb and Zn in 15 samples of five fish species (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, Brachyplatystoma filamentosum, Cynoscion leiarchus, Brachyplatystoma vaillanti e Colossoma macropomum) obtained in municipal market of Belém (Pará State, Brazil). These samples were digested in a cavity microwave oven using a 3.5 mol L-1 nitric acid solution and concentrated hydrogen peroxide. Total concentrations of the studied elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS). The contents of the elements in fish samples ranged from 90.
This study aimed to evaluate the mineral composition in native and non-native Amazonian fruits using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and multivariate methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), in order to conduct a more thorough evaluation of the original data. The accuracy was checked by certified reference material analysis (Poplar leaves) and spike experiments. The results of the analysis were in agreement with the certified values, with analytical recoveries for all analytes in an acceptable range from 82 to 113%, and relative standard deviations (RSD) were in the range of 0.2-18%. Furthermore, PCA explained 68% of the total variance, while HCA confirmed the correlations found in the PCA, allowing for the evaluation of the degree of similarity between the fruits studied. These results will be used to better understand the distribution of inorganic constituents within these Amazonian fruits.
http://rvq.sbq.org.br Determinação de Ca, Mg, Na e K em Biodiesel de Oleaginosas do Norte do Brasil Resumo: Neste estudo, a espectrometria de absorção atômica com chamas (FAAS) foi utilizada para determinar os teores de cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em biodiesel produzido com diferentes oleaginosas (bacaba, bacuri, castanha-do-brasil e palma). As amostras foram digeridas com ácido nítrico, ácido sulfúrico e peróxido de hidrogênio usando sistema aberto com aquecimento convencional. As recuperações obtidas pelo método de adição e recuperação para Ca, Mg, Na e K foram de 86-113%, 81-101%, 96-118% e 89-119%, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram níveis de Ca e Na variando entre 58,56-126,6 mg kg-1 e 3,06-4,61 mg kg-1 nas amostras. Os níveis de Mg nas amostras estavam abaixo do limite de detecção. Teores de K foram encontrados apenas nas amostras B2 e B4. Este estudo mostrou que tanto a oleaginosa quanto o catalisador utilizado na produção do biodiesel durante o processo de síntese podem influenciar as concentrações finais dos metais nas amostras de biodiesel.
Abstract:The bioaccessibility of Cu, Fe and Mn in Amazonian fruits (açaí, white açaí, bacuri and tucumã) was evaluated in this study using in vitro methods. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used for total metal quantification, and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was used to quantify the metals in the simulated gastric and gastrointestinal digestions. The Cu concentration in the fruits tested varied between 8.59 and 14.99 mg/kg. For Fe, the concentration in the samples ranged from 35.88 to 60.45 mg/kg. The lowest and highest concentrations of Mn were found in bacuri (5.01 mg/kg) and white açaí (709.93 mg/kg), respectively. In the açaí, white açaí and tucumã samples, the bioaccessible percentage of Cu was higher than the human can absorb. The available Fe value determined in the gastric simulation was similar to that observed in the gastrointestinal simulation, varying from 42.95 to 56.22%. The bioaccessible Mn fraction varied between 28.72 and 68.78% in the gastric simulation and between 26.81 and 64.85% in the gastrointestinal simulation. This study contributes to our knowledge of the actual amount of Cu, Fe and Mn absorbed by ingestion of the studied fruits.Keywords: Bioaccessibility; Amazonian fruits; inorganic elements; FAAS, GFAAS. ResumoA bioacessibilidade de Cu, Fe e Mn em frutas da Amazônia (açaí, açaí branco, bacuri e tucumã) foram avaliadas neste estudo utilizando métodos in vitro. A espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS) foi utilizada para a quantificação total de metal e a espectrometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite (GF AAS) foi utilizada para quantificar os metais nas digestões gástricas e gastrointestinais simuladas. A concentração de Cu nos frutos testados variou entre 8,59-14,99 mg/kg. Para Fe, a concentração nas amostras variou de 35,88-60,45 mg/kg. As menores e maiores concentrações de Mn foram encontradas nos bacuri (5,01 mg/kg) e açaí branco (709,93 mg/kg), respectivamente. Nas amostras de açaí, açaí branco e tucumã, o percentual bioaccessível de Cu foi maior do que o ser humano pode absorver. O valor de Fe disponível na simulação gástrica foi semelhante ao observado na simulação gastrointestinal, variando de 42,95 a 56,22%. A fração Mn bioacessível variou entre 28,72-68,78% na simulação gástrica e 26,81-64,85% na simulação gastrointestinal. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento da quantidade real de Cu, Fe e Mn absorvidos pela ingestão dos frutos estudados.
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