Cd3As2 is a candidate three-dimensional Dirac semi-metal which has exceedingly high mobility and nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance that may be relevant for future practical applications. We report magnetotransport and tunnel diode oscillation measurements on Cd3As2, in magnetic fields up to 65 T and temperatures between 1.5 K to 300 K. We find the non-saturating linear magnetoresistance persist up to 65 T and it is likely caused by disorder effects as it scales with the high mobility, rather than directly linked to Fermi surface changes even when approaching the quantum limit. From the observed quantum oscillations, we determine the bulk three-dimensional Fermi surface having signatures of Dirac behaviour with non-trivial Berry's phase shift, very light effective quasiparticle masses and clear deviations from the band-structure predictions. In very high fields we also detect signatures of large Zeeman spin-splitting (g ∼ 16).

Liability to develop drug addiction is heritable, but the precise contribution of non-Mendelian factors is not well understood. Here we separate male rats into addiction-like and non-addiction-like groups, based on their incentive motivation to seek cocaine. We find that the high incentive responding of the F0 generation could be transmitted to F1 and F2 generations. Moreover, the inheritance of high incentive response to cocaine is contingent on high motivation, as it is elicited by voluntary cocaine administration, but not high intake of cocaine itself. We also find DNA methylation differences between sperm of addiction-like and non-addiction-like groups that were maintained from F0 to F1, providing an epigenetic link to transcriptomic changes of addiction-related signalling pathways in the nucleus accumbens of offspring. Our data suggest that highly motivated drug seeking experience may increase vulnerability and/or reduce resistance to drug addiction in descendants.

GATA6 is a member of the GATA family of transcription factors, and its expression and functions overlap with those of GATA4 during heart development. Mutations in GATA4 have been related to human congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in several studies, whereas mutations in GATA6 have only recently been reported in patients with persistent truncus arteriosus. Animal experiments have revealed critical roles for GATA6 in the development of the myocardium and cardiac morphogenesis, thereby highlighting the potential involvement of GATA6 defects in the pathogenesis of CHDs. Here, we screened the GATA6 in 270 individuals with sporadic CHDs by direct sequencing. After identification of the mutation, a luciferase reporter assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect functional changes in the mutant transcription factor. The same heterozygous missense mutation (Ser184Asn) was identified in three patients, including one with tetralogy of Fallot and two with atrial septal defects. This mutation was not found in 500 unrelated ethnically matched healthy subjects. Direct sequencing of this region in the parents of these three patients revealed the same mutation in one of the parents for each patient, and one of the parent carriers presented with a bicuspid aortic valve. Biological analysis revealed clearly decreased transcriptional activity of GATA6 Ser184Asn in vitro. All these data suggest that GATA6 Ser184Asn is a novel mutation associated with CHDs and has an important role in disease pathogenesis.

THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1266 growth performance (El-Sayed and Kawanna, 2008;Yan and Wang, 2010; Chen et al., 2011): (1) initial mass (g), wet mass of fish at the beginning of culture; (2) final mass (g), wet mass of fish at the final of culture; (3) daily mass gain (DMG), calculated as (final mass-initial mass)/culture days; (4) coefficient of variation (CV) for final mass, calculated as mean standard deviation of the final mass/mean final mass; (5) feed conversion ratio, calculated as feed consumption/mass gain; and (6) feed intake, calculated as 100×feed consumption/[days×(final mass+initial mass)/2)]. Quantitative PCRTotal RNAs were extracted using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and miRNAs were extracted using the miRNeasy kit (Qiagen, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Real-time PCR for IGF-1 was performed using SYBR Green PCR mixture (Takara Bio, Otsu, Shiga, Japan) in a MyiQ5 Real-time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Gene expression was normalized relative to the housekeeping gene (β-actin). The primer sequences are as follows: IGF-1, 5′-GTCTGTGGAGAGCGAGGCTTT-3′ (forward), 5′-CACGTGAC -CGCCTTGCA-3′ (reverse); β-actin, 5′-GTCCCTGTACGC-CTCTGGTCG-3′ (forward), 5′-GCCGGACTCATCGTACTCCTG-3′ (reverse). The relative amount of miRNA was detected using stemloop PCR, and U6 RNA was detected as the internal control. Relative gene or miRNA expression was determined using the comparative C t method, which is also referred to the 2 -ΔΔCt method (Chen et al., 2005;Schmittgen and Livak, 2008). Silencing of miR-206 in vivo using the antagomir methodThe antagomirs used in the study are single-stranded RNAs, which consist of 21-23 nucleotides modified as follows: antagomir-133a, CsAsGCUGGUUGAAGGGGACCsAs As As-Chol-3′; antagomir-206, CsCsACACACACUUCCUUACAUUs CsC sAs-Chol-3′; and mismatch antagomir, CsAsCGGUUCCAGGCACUGUsG sUs AsChol-3′. All nucleotides are 2′-OMe-modified; the 's' represents a phosphorothioate linkage; 'Chol' represents cholesterol linked through a hydroxyprolinol linkage. They were deprotected, desalted and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antagomir was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline before injection. Tilapia weighing approximately 1g received a 0.02ml tail-vein injection of saline or antagomir at a dose of 60mgkg -1 body mass twice a week. Tissues were harvested, snap-frozen and stored at -80°C.Cell culture and 3′-UTR luciferase reporter assay HEK 293T cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). They were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100Uml -1 penicillin, 100μgml -1 streptomycin and 250ngml -1 amphotericin B, and maintained at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO 2 incubator.To generate the 3′ UTR luciferase reporter construct, the full length of the 3′ UTR from IGF-1 was cloned into the downstream of the firefly luciferase gene in pGL3-control vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La Jolla...