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Introduction:Immunophenotyping is an essential method for diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia and its extensive use could identify blast cell subpopulations with aberrant phenotypes rarely seen in normal haemopoiesis. Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have a variable frequency and are helpful for detection of minimal residual disease and for determination of prognosis. Our study aimed to analyze the frequency of aberrant expression in acute leukemias. Methods: We prospectively investigated the phenotype of blast cells from 50 acute leukemia patients using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies by multiparametric flowcytometry. Results: 50 cases of acute leukemia were analyzed using multiparametric flowcytometry. Out of which 33 cases were Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), 15 cases were Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and 2 cases were Mixed Phenotypic Acute Leukemia (MPAL). 29/50 cases (58.0%) had conventional phenotypes while 21/50 cases (42.0%) showed aberrant expression. 18/33 cases (54.54%) of AML and 3/15 (20.0%) of ALL cases demonstrated aberrant phenotype in our study. Among the AML cases, CD7, 8/33 cases (24.24%) was the most commonly expressed aberrant lymphoid marker. Paired aberrancy was seen in 3/21 cases (14.28%). Among the ALL cases, CD13, 2/3 cases (66.66%) was most commonly expressed aberrant myeloid marker.

BACKGROUNDAcute leukaemias are classified according to their characterisation of either the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Immunophenotyping for various intracellular and extracellular cell lineage specific markers is an important feature in differentiating between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL). In about 5% cases of Acute Leukaemia, it is not clear whether blasts are derived from myeloid or lymphoid progenitors and are classified as Mixed Phenotypic Acute Leukaemia (MPAL). Our study aimed to analyse the prevalence of MPAL.

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